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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2025-2-34-64-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-1002</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЛИГИОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. RELIGIOUS STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От «народной» к «проживаемой»: становление концептуальных контуров исследования частных форм религии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From Folk to Lived: The Formation of Conceptual Frameworks for the Study of Private Forms of Religion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0268-9630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иосиф Иосифович Ефремов — магистр со знанием иностранного языка, независимый исследователь</p><p>400081, г. Волгоград, ул. Хуторская, 71</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iosif I. Efremov — Master’s Degree, independent researcher</p><p>71, Hutorskaya street, Volgograd, 400081</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">joe_89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-5737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беломыцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belomytsev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арсений Анатольевич Беломыцев — кандидат философских наук, независимый исследователь</p><p>350916, г. Краснодар, ул. Курганная, 79</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arsenii A. Belomytsev — PhD in Philosophy, independent researcher</p><p>79, Kurgannaya street, Krasnodar, 350916</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abelomycev@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Независимый исследователь<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Independent researcher<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ефремов И.И., Беломыцев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ефремов И.И., Беломыцев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Efremov I.I., Belomytsev A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/1002">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/1002</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена обзору теоретических подходов к осмыслению частных форм религии. Под частными формами религии понимается верования и практики, выходящие за рамки исключительно институциональных структур и доктрин. Актуальность темы связана с существующим запросом на выявление тенденций развития религиозной ситуации с опорой на данные о практиках, имеющих место в повседневной жизни верующих. Цель исследования — проследить особенности концептуализации понятия «частная религия» в качестве широкой рамки описания религиозной реальности. Для достижения данной цели были поставлены следующие задачи: 1) на основании систематизации существующей исследовательской литературы выделить ключевые оптики изучения частных форм религии; 2) сопоставить специфику определений религиозной реальности в каждой из этих оптик; 3) установить ключевые элементы наиболее широкого подхода к религиозной реальности в свете теории «проживаемой религии»; 4) проследить генетическую связь теорий рамки «проживаемой религии» с предшествовавшими формами теоретизирования, описать эволюцию этих представлений в терминах религиозной эпистемологии. Материалами исследования послужили публикации, посвящённые частным формам религии, рассматриваемым в рамках концепций «проживаемой религии» (lived religion), вернакулярной религии (vernacular religion), смежных концепций, а также их предшественников — «популярной религии» (popular religion) и «народной религии» (folk religion), обусловивших появление современных моделей. В качестве методологической базы использованы: метод теоретического анализа и SWOT-анализ для оценки внутренних логик рассматриваемых концепций, метод исторического анализа, позволивший проследить эволюцию подходов и установить их истоки, а также метод компаративного анализа для сопоставления существующих стратегий исследования частных форм религии. В результате выявлены концептуальные контуры исследования частных форм религии с учётом особенностей предшествующих теорий. Выводы. 1. Систематизация исследовательской литературы выявила две группы исследований: «традиционные» исследования «народной религии» и публикации, вышедшие в последние десятилетия XX в. в рамках попыток пересмотра традиционных оптик. Первая группа представлена источниками, акцентировавшими внимание на «народных» верованиях и практиках. Вторая группа включает современные теории «проживаемой», «вернакулярной», «материальной» и иных концептуализаций частных форм религии, которые развивались как рефлексия на ограничения существующих моделей.  2. Каждая из оптик, фокусирующихся на частных формах религии, акцентирует несводимость описания к наблюдаемым феноменам; при этом «вернакулярная религия» фиксирует прежде всего наличие иррационального элемента протекания религиозной жизни;  «материальная религия» устанавливает значение предметно выраженной объективации религиозной жизни; «проживаемая религия», по нашему мнению, является наиболее широким понятием, раскрывающим многообразие возможных теоретических подходов к частным формам религии. 3. Ключевыми элементами современных концепций частных форм религии являются: представление об их динамической природе; акцент на повседневных практиках и их контексте; ориентация на эмпирический анализ и применение качественных методов исследования; приоритет исследования материальной культуры, личного опыта верующих и сенсорных аспектов поклонения. 4. В рамках обращения к теоретическим истокам современных подходов определены основные методологические затруднения (связанные, прежде всего, с иерархической и оценочной спецификой традиционных теорий), а также выявлена проблема нейтральной терминологии, связанная с неизбежностью дискурсивных ассоциаций и дихотомических противопоставлений, которые, несмотря на критику, продолжают воспроизводиться в исследованиях. Выявлено, что комплексный анализ институциональных и частных практик с позиций системно проводимого фальсификационизма остаётся сравнительно редким, что указывает на перспективность дальнейших исследований в этой области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides an overview of theoretical approaches to comprehending private forms of religion. Private forms of religion are understood as beliefs and practices that go beyond exclusively institutional structures and doctrines. The relevance of the topic is connected with the existing demand for identifying trends in the development of the religious situation based on data on practices that take place in the everyday life of believers. The study aims to trace the peculiarities of the conceptualization of the notion of ‘private religion’ as a broad framework for describing religious reality. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: 1) To identify, based on systematization of the existing research literature,  the key optics of studying private forms of religion; 2) to compare the specifics of definitions of religious reality in each of these optics; 3) to establish the key elements of the broadest approach to religious reality in the light of the theory of ‘lived religion’; 4) to trace the genetic connection of the theories of the framework of ‘lived religion’ with previous forms of theorizing, and to describe the evolution of these concepts in terms of religious epistemology. The materials of the study were publications devoted to private forms of religion considered within the concepts of lived religion, vernacular religion, and related concepts, as well as their predecessors - popular religion and folk religion, which caused the emergence of modern models.The methods of theoretical analysis and SWOT analysis were used to assess the internal logic of the concepts under consideration as well as the method of historical analysis, which allowed for the tracing of the evolution of approaches and establishment of their origins. In addition the method of comparative analysis was used to compare the existing strategies for researching private forms of religion.  As a result, the conceptual contours of the study of private forms of religion were revealed, taking into account the peculiarities of previous theories. The article makes 4 main conclusions: 1. The systematization of the research literature has revealed two groups of studies: ‘traditional’ studies of ‘folk religion’ and publications from the late 20th century that attempt to revise these traditional optics. The first group is represented by sources that emphasize ‘folk’ beliefs and practices. The second group includes modern theories of “lived”, “vernacular”, “material” and other conceptualizations of private forms of religion, which developed as a reflection on the limitations of existing models.  2. Each of the optics focusing on private forms of religion emphasizes the irreducibility of description to observable phenomena; in this case ‘vernacular religion’ fixes first of all the presence of the irrational element of the course of religious life; ‘material religion’ establishes the significance of objectification of religious life; ‘lived religion’, in our opinion, is the broadest notion revealing the variety of possible theoretical approaches to private forms of religion. 3. The key elements of modern concepts of private forms of religion are: the idea of their dynamic nature; the emphasis on everyday practices and their context; the orientation on empirical analysis and the application of qualitative research methods; the priority of research on material culture, personal experience of believers, and sensory aspects of worship. 4. Within the framework of addressing the theoretical origins of modern approaches, the main methodological difficulties are identified (primarily related to the hierarchical and evaluative specificity of traditional theories). The problem of neutral terminology is revealed, related to the inevitability of discursive associations and dichotomous oppositions, which, despite criticism, continue to be reproduced in research. It is revealed that comprehensive analyses of institutional and private practices from the perspective of systemically conducted falsificationism remain relatively rare, which indicates the prospect of further research in this area.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>частная религия</kwd><kwd>проживаемая религия</kwd><kwd>вернакулярная религия</kwd><kwd>народная религия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>private religion</kwd><kwd>lived religion</kwd><kwd>vernacular religion</kwd><kwd>folk religion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аринин Е. И., Лютаева М. С., Силантьева М. В. 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