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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2025-3-35-66-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-1043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЛИГИОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. RELIGIOUS STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Философская интерпретация Берешит (Ральбаг о творении мира)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Philosophical Interpretation of Bereshit (Ralbag on Creation of the Universe)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-4066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слепцова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sleptsova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Валерьевна Слепцова — кандидат философских наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>109240, г. Москва, ул. Гончарная, д.12, стр.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya V. Sleptsova — PhD in Philosophy, Research Fellow</p><p>12/1, Goncharnaya street, Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valeriya.v.sleptsova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RAS Institute of Philosophy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Слепцова В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Слепцова В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sleptsova V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/1043">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/1043</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье на материале первоисточника — текста трактата рабби Леви бен Гершома (Герсонид, Ральбаг, 1288–1344) «Войны Господа» — эксплицируются и реконструируются основные принципы библейской экзегезы, применяемые этим еврейским философом для построения такой схемы творения мира, которая соотносилась бы как с Торой, так и с учением Аристотеля, воспринятым еврейской средневековой философско-теологической мыслью от арабских философов. Для создания более полной картины применяемых Ральбагом экзегетических методов привлекаются также тексты библейских комментариев этого мыслителя и выдержки из второй части «Путеводителя растерянных» рабби Моше бен Маймона (Маймонид, Рамбам, 1135–1204), чьим последователем считает себя Герсонид. Показано, что основными принципами, на которые опирается Ральбаг, являются (1) понимание Торы как совершенного Закона, (2) необходимость согласования учения Торы с философскими изысканиями, (3) строгий лексический и грамматический разбор текста Торы, (4) толкование священных текстов на основании современных на тот момент знаний о природе. Показано, что основным методом, задействованным Ральбагом для интерпретации библейского текста, является разграничение узкого и широкого смысла следующих слов, использованных в 1–7 стихах первой главы книги Берешит (Бытие): «начало», «земля», «тоѓу вавоѓу», «дух [Божий]», «свет», «тьма», «твердь», «воды», — с последующими примерами использования этих смыслов в Танахе. Применение такого метода позволяет Герсониду выстроить по сути своей платоническую схему творения мира с применением аристотелистской натурфилософской терминологии. Использованные в статье тексты первоисточников приводятся на русском языке впервые.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The philosophical and theological legacy of Rabbi Levi ben Gershon (1288–1344), better known as Gersonides or Ralbag, remains significant. Based on the study of the original text of Ralbag’s treatise Wars of the Lord, the article aims to identify and reconstruct the main principles of biblical exegesis employed by the Jewish philosopher. These principles were used to construct a vision of the creation of the world, which would correlate with both the Torah and the teachings of Aristotle as known to Jewish theological thought through Arab philosophers. Gersonides considered himself a follower of Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (Maimonides). Gersonides’s commentaries on the Torah and biblical commentaries and excerpts from the second part of the Guide for the Perplexed by Maimonides were also studied to create a more complete picture of the exegetical methods used by Ralbag. It was shown that the basic principles of exegesis used by Ralbag to interpret the sacred text in a philosophical manner are: (1) the Torah is understood as a perfect law, containing no false teachings; (2) philosophical reasoning must be consistent with what the Torah teaches; (3) rigorous lexical and grammatical analysis of the religious text contributes to a clear understanding of the Torah; (4) the passages in sacred books are explained by using available knowledge about nature. It is shown that the main method used by Ralbag to interpret the biblical text is the distinction between the narrow and broad meanings of words, with subsequent examples of the use of these meanings in the Tanakh. These distinctions are applied in the first part of Bereshit (Genesis) to words such as beginning, earth, tohu and bohu, spirit [of God], light, dark, firmament of the heavens, water. Gersonides also provides examples of the use of these meanings throughout the Tanakh. Using this method, Gersonides builds an essentially Platonic scheme of the creation of the world while employing Aristotelian natural philosophical terminology. The primary source texts used in the article are also presented in Russian for the first time.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аристотелизм</kwd><kwd>Герсонид</kwd><kwd>еврейская средневековая философия</kwd><kwd>иудаизм</kwd><kwd>Тора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Aristotelianism</kwd><kwd>creation ex nihilo</kwd><kwd>Gersonides</kwd><kwd>Jewish medieval philosophy</kwd><kwd>Judaism</kwd><kwd>Torah</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тищенко С. В. До того, как был сотворен мир. Замечания по поводу современных переводов Быт 1:1–2 // Научные труды по иудаике. Т. 1. — Москва: Сэфер, 2010. — С. 9–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elior, O., et al. 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