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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2026-1-37-126-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-1132</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КУЛЬТУРА И ИСКУССТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. CULTURE &amp; ART</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иудаизм и изображение: иконография и назначение «ковровых страниц» раннесредневековых манускриптов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Judaism and Image: Iconography and Purpose of Carpet Pages in Early Medieval Manuscripts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6109-1860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раевская</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Raevskaya</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Юрьевна Раевская — кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры гуманитарных дисциплин и биоэтики</p><p>194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Yu. Raevskaya — PhD in Philosophy, Associate Professor, Department of Humanities and Bioethics</p><p>2, Litovskaya street, Saint-Peterburg, 194100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raev.spb@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7010-6175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тульпе</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tulpe</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Александровна Тульпе — доктор философских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры философии</p><p>196605, г. Санкт-Петербург, Петербургское шоссе, д.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Tulpe — Doctor of Philosophy, Docent, Professor, Department of Philosophy</p><p>10, Peterburgskoye shosse, Pushkin, St. Peterburg, Russia, 196605</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tulpei@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ленинградский государственный университет им. А.С. Пушкина<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pushkin Leningrad State University, Saint-Petersburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Раевская Н.Ю., Тульпе И.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раевская Н.Ю., Тульпе И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Raevskaya N.Y., Tulpe I.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/1132">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/1132</self-uri><abstract><p>Существующие подходы к пониманию назначения визуальных изображений в рамках иудейской религиозной практики требуют дальнейшего развития и совершенствования, что определяет актуальность данного исследования. Его цель — выявить специфику миниатюр в раннесредневековых иудейских кодексах (рукописях Торы и ТаНаХа). Для достижения поставленной цели решались следующие задачи: (1) систематизировать имеющиеся данные о статусе священной книги в иудаизме; (2) описать особенности иконографии миниатюр в раннесредневековых кодексах из Российской национальной библиотеке (РНБ) г. Санкт-Петербурга, выявив их соотнесённость с текстом; (3) уточнить бытующие в научном сообществе представления о назначении «ковровых страниц» в этих манускриптах. Материалами исследования послужили миниатюры в рукописях Торы и ТаНаХа из собрания манускриптов X–XIII вв. с Ближнего Востока, хранящихся в РНБ. Методологическая основа исследования включала в себя феноменологическое описание артефактов, рассмотрение иллюминированных рукописей в контексте иудейских представлений о Торе и ТаНаХе, а также концептуальный анализ с привлечением современных работ, посвящённых дешифровке masora figurata (комментариев, написанных в форме орнаментов) в средневековых кодексах. В результате показано, что ключевой особенностью художественных изображений в раннесредневековых иудейских манускриптах можно считать их включённость в религиозную практику использования книг Священного Писания в качестве сакральных объектов. К этому заключению привели следующие выводы: 1) систематизация сведений о статусе священной книги в иудаизме показала, что книги кодексов, включающие миниатюры, воспринимаются иудеями как священные объекты; 2) единственной формой изображения в средневековых манускриптах из РНБ выступают полностью орнаментированные «ковровые страницы», включающие в себя геометрические и растительные мотивы, храмовую символику и узоры, выполненные в технике микрографии (изображения, составленного из букв); вместе с обложкой «ковровые страницы» образуют своеобразное «одеяние» книги, визуально маркирующее её как обладающий особым статусом сакральный объект; 3) изображения «ковровых страниц» закрепляют статус книги как вместилища божественного присутствия, «замещающего» присутствие Бога в утраченном Храме. Тем самым микрографические орнаменты и изображения Храма предстают не как декор, имеющий чисто эстетическое значение, но выступают в качестве ключевого инструмента «сакрализации» рукописи, актуализирующего «иконическую функцию» Священного писания и закрепляющего восприятие книги откровения как места реального присутствия божественного в материальном мире.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is widely believed that, in accordance with the Torah's command, Judaism forbids the creation of any images of "what is in the heavens, on the earth, and in the waters beneath the earth," and that visual art associated with Jewish tradition simply does not exist. This notion persists today, despite the vast number of discoveries and studies in Jewish art that convincingly refute this thesis. The relevance of this article is due to the insufficient scholarly attention paid to the study of the purpose of images within Jewish religious practice and the need to develop such research. The purpose of this work is to understand the specificity of miniatures in early medieval Jewish codices (manuscripts of the Torah and Tanakh). To achieve this goal, the following tasks were undertaken. 1) The status of the sacred book in Judaism was analyzed. 2) The iconography of miniatures in early medieval codices from the National Library of Russia and their correlation with the texts were studied. 3) The purpose of carpet pages in these manuscripts was clarified. The material for this study consisted of miniatures in Torah and Tanakh manuscripts from the collection of 10th-13th century manuscripts from the Middle East, housed in the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg. The methodological basis of the study includes a phenomenological description of the artifacts, an examination of the manuscripts in the context of Jewish understandings of the Torah and Tanakh, and conceptual analysis with the use of contemporary works devoted to the digital decipherment of masora figurata (commentaries written in the form of micrographic ornaments) in medieval codices. Solving these tasks led to the following results: 1. The systematization of data on the status of sacred books demonstrates that codices are perceived by Jews as sacred objects. 2. The only form of imagery in these books consists of fully ornamented carpet pages, which include geometric and floral motifs, temple symbolism, and patterns made using micrographic techniques. Data analysis led to the conclusion that the carpet pages, together with the cover, form a unique "garment" for the book, visually marking it as a sacred object with a special status. 3. The images of the carpet pages reinforce the book's status as a receptacle of the divine presence replacing the presence of God in the lost Temple. It is concluded that the key feature of artistic images in early medieval Jewish manuscripts is their inclusion in the religious practice of using books of Holy Scripture as sacred objects. The novelty of the study lies in the interpretation of micrographic ornaments and images of the temple, not merely as decoration of purely aesthetic value, but as a key instrument of the sacralization of the manuscript, actualizing the iconic function of the Holy Scripture and reinforcing the perception of the book of revelation as a place of the real presence of the divine in the material world.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иудаизм</kwd><kwd>еврейское искусство</kwd><kwd>иллюминированные манускрипты</kwd><kwd>микрография</kwd><kwd>ковровые страницы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Judaism</kwd><kwd>Jewish art</kwd><kwd>illuminated manuscripts</kwd><kwd>micrography</kwd><kwd>carpet pages</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бельтинг Х. Образ и культ. 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