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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2018-2-6-19-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-3</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НА СТАРТЕ АНТРОПОГЕНЕЗА: ЖЁСТКАЯ СРЕДА ИЛИ ПОИСКОВАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>AT THE START OF ANTHROPOGENESIS: HARD ENVIRONMENTS OR APPETENT ACTIVITY?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романчук</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanchuk</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романчук Алексей Андреевич – старший преподаватель, кафедра антропологии и социальных технологий</p><p>исследователь</p><p>МД-2024, Молдова, Г. Кишинёв, ул. Зимбрулуй, 10А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Romanchuk – Senior Lecturer of the Department of Anthropology and Social Technologies</p><p>Researcher</p><p>MD-2024, Moldova, Chisinau, Str. Zimbrului, 10A</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">has@antropology.moldline.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высшая Антропологическая Школа; Институт культурного наследия Академии наук Молдовы</institution><country>Молдова</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher Anthropological School; Institute of Cultural Heritage of ASM</institution><country>Moldova, Republic of</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Романчук А.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романчук А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanchuk A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3</self-uri><abstract><p>Многие гипотезы антропогенеза в той или иной мере исходят из идеи о «жёсткой среде» как пусковом механизме антропогенеза и культурогенеза. В том числе это представление проникает и в учебники культурологии. Но действительно ли именно «жёсткая среда» стала пусковым механизмом антропогенеза и культурогенеза? Анализ современной критики в адрес так называемой «истсайдской» и «саванной» гипотез антропогенеза заставляет в этом усомниться.</p><p>Среди наиболее значимых контраргументов следует упомянуть установленный факт проницаемости для ранних гоминид восточноафриканского рифта, который, следовательно, не являлся непреодолимым барьером, изолировавшим Восточную Африку от прочих её частей. Еще существеннее то, что на протяжении миоцена и значительной части плиоцена ранние гоминиды наши обитали всё же не в саванне, а в достаточно и/или даже очень лесистой местности. Эти и ряд других фактов вряд ли позволяют объяснить начало антропогенеза и культурогенеза с помощью гипотезы «жёсткой среды».</p><p>Необходимо альтернативное объяснение, и таким искомым объяснением будет принятие взаимодействия двух решающих факторов как движущих сил антропогенеза и культурогенеза:</p><p>– во-первых, такой характеристики живых существ как поисковая активность (в первую очередь – именно внутренне обусловленная поисковая активность);</p><p>– во-вторых, приоритет вызовов «внутренней среды» (среды, создаваемой взаимодействием внутри популяций и между популяциями гоминид) над внешней. То есть уже на старте антропогенеза ранним гоминидам не с кем было более всерьёз соперничать, кроме как друг с другом. И главным образом именно поэтому они вступили на путь превращения в мыслящее существо.</p><p>В настоящей статье я хотел бы продолжить обсуждение идеи, сформулированной мной в (Романчук 2006: 435-436; Romanchuk 2009). Идея эта, собственно, возникла и созревала на протяжении более десяти лет в процессе чтения курса «Преистория» (Романчук 2011) для студентов «Высшей Антропологической Школы» (Кишинёв, Республика Молдова). Также весьма значимым для меня было то благожелательное внимание, с которым её встретили А.В. Коротаев и Л.Е. Гринин.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To any extent, many hypotheses of anthropogenesis suppose hard environments as a trigger of anthropogenesis and culture genesis. This supposition is represented in some manuals of anthropology as well. But, was hard environments really a trigger of anthropogenesis? The analysis of recent critics of “East Side story” and “Savannah” hypotheses makes us to doubt if this idea is really true. Thus, nowadays we know that the East African rift in reality was not an impenetrable area for early hominids. Next, and more important, that in Miocene and for much of Pliocene early hominids inhabited well-wooded to forested environments, and not savannah. These, and some other facts do not allow, I think, to explain the beginning of anthropogenesis and culture genesis by the hypothesis of “hard environments”. The alternative explanation is required. This sought explanation would be based on the idea of interaction of two main factors as driving forces of anthropogenesis and culture genesis: the appetent activity (namely endogenous appetent activity, first of all) and, second, the priority of challenges of “internal environments” (i.e., the environments created by interactions inside of and between populations of hominids) over the challenges of “external” environments. Thus, I think that even at the start of anthropogenesis early hominids had not had any real contestants besides themselves. And this was the main reason that made them become a thinking being.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>преистория</kwd><kwd>антропогенез</kwd><kwd>культурогенез</kwd><kwd>гоминиды</kwd><kwd>жёсткая среда</kwd><kwd>поисковая активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>«истсайдская история»</kwd><kwd>«саванная» гипотеза</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бхагвати Д. В защиту глобализации. М.: Ладомир, 2005. 451 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bkhagvati D. V zashchitu globalizatsii [In defence of globalization]. Moscow, Ladomir, 2005. 451 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вишняцкий Л.Б. История одной случайности, или Происхождение человека. В.: Stratumplus 1, 1999. 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