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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-21-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-350</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пьер Дюгем и непрерывное развитие науки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pierre Duhem and the Continuous Development of Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лорети</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loreti</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лорети Анджело – кандидат философских наук, преподаватель Международного факультета</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Angelo Loreti – PhD in Philosophy, Lecturer, International faculty</p><p>117997, Moscow, Ostrovityanova str., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">loreti_a@yahoo.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лорети А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лорети А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Loreti A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/350">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/350</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматривая вклад французского философа и учёного П. Дюгема в такую важную часть культуры, как история науки, необходимо подчеркнуть: его творчество сыграло важную роль в переосмыслении картины мира предшествующих эпох и способствовало становлению картины мира, релевантной подходам современной науки. За основу исследования взяты такие работы П. Дюгема, как «Система мира» («Le système du monde») и «Этюды о Леонардо да Винчи» («Études sur Léonard de Vinci»). Обращают на себя внимание два основных тезиса Дюгема. Во-первых, гипотеза, согласно которой христианство (в частности, Католическая церковь) не затрудняло, но, напротив, способствовало развитию науки, устраняя некоторые космологические положения греческого язычества, несовместимые с современной наукой. Во-вторых, П. Дюгем настаивает: первыми сторонниками интуиций, лежащих в основе научной революции, были парижские профессора Сорбонны, жившие в эпоху поздней схоластики (а именно, Ж. Буридан, Н. Орем). Интересно, что при этом французский учёный явно преуменьшает вклад в создание новой «аксиоматики культуры» нефранцузских мыслителей. Новая модель «онтологии» познания сопряжена в концепции П. Дюгема с идеями новой гносеологии. Поддерживая идею развития науки как постепенного и непрерывного процесса, он выступает с позиций эволюционного подхода к её истории; придерживается принципа холизма, настаивая, что нельзя подтвердить или опровергнуть отдельное утверждение. Истинность любого положения теории всегда связанна с истинностью целой системы гипотез. Соответственно, по П. Дюгему развитие научного знания в каждый конкретный период развития культуры не отвергает научные теории, но способствует их постепенной модификации. Со временм старые концепции перестают существовать, на их почве вырастают новые. Актуальность подобного подхода, вписывающего развитие научного знания в социокультурный контекст, позволяет определить границы ответа на важный философско-культурологический вопрос: почему современная наука возникла именно в Европе, а не где-либо ещё.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>When attempting to assess what history of science, doubtless an important element of our culture, owes to the French philosopher and scientist Pierre Duhem, one has to emphasise the critical role he played in rethinking the world outlook inherited from the preceding times and in developing a new one more apt to contemporary science. This analysis draws on such key Duhem’s writings as «The World System» («Le système du monde») and «Studies on Leonardo da Vinci» («Études sur Léonard de Vinci»). Two Duhem’s theses deserve particular attention. One is his assertion that Christianity (and the Catholic Church for that) did not impede, but rather contributed to the development of science having dispensed with cosmological assumptions of Greek Paganism incompatible with contemporary science. Secondly, Duhem argues that intuitions to pave way to the scientific revolution were first advocated by such Sorbonne Scholastics as Jean Buridan and Nicholas Oresme. It is noteworthy that the French scientist clearly underestimates the contribution of non-French thinkers to the emerging set of cultural axioms. Duhem’s new ontology of cognition is closely related to the ideas of new epistemology. Viewing evolution of science as a gradual continuous process, he endorsed the holist idea that isolated scientific propositions could neither be verified nor falsified. The truth of any proposition is inseparable from the truth of the system of hypotheses as a whole. Hence science progresses not by rejecting old theories, but by modifying them: in due course old concepts give way to new ones. This topical assumption that progress of science is to be viewed and understood in its specific socio-cultural context delineates the principle on which the answer to the no less topical question of the philosophy of culture, viz. why modern science has emerged in Europe rather than elsewhere, is to be based on.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>П. Дюгем</kwd><kwd>история философии</kwd><kwd>эпистемология</kwd><kwd>холизм</kwd><kwd>Средневековье</kwd><kwd>Ж. Буридан</kwd><kwd>Н. Орем</kwd><kwd>развитие европейской науки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>P. Duhem</kwd><kwd>history of philosophy</kwd><kwd>epistemology</kwd><kwd>Middle Ages</kwd><kwd>J. 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