<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2021-4-20-18-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cross-cultural Competence as a Foundation for Professional Diplomacy in the New Post-COVID-19 Reality</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cross-cultural Competence as a Foundation for Professional Diplomacy in the New Post-COVID-19 Reality</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-6702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиль</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalil</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мона Абдель Малик Халиль — кандидат философских наук, член Египетского совета по международным делам, исполнительный директор Российско-египетского делового совета при ТПП РФ</p><p>Башня Факер / Башни Осман, Наб. Нила, Маади, Каир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mona Abdel Malik Khalil — PhD (Philosophy), Member of the Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs, Executive director at The Russian – Egyptian Business Council at the Chamber of Trade and Industry of the Russian Federation</p><p>Fakher Tower 2 / Othman Towers, Corniche AlNile / Maadi, Cairo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mona_khalil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Египетский совет по международным делам</institution><country>Египет</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs</institution><country>Egypt</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Халиль М.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Халиль М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khalil M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/570">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/570</self-uri><abstract><p>Межкультурные компетенции являются незаменимым навыком в работе дипломатов во всем мире, несмотря на любые изменения, произошедшие в профессиональном взаимодействии в связи с пандемией COVID-19. Выдвинута гипотеза, что процессы деглобализации, значительно усиленные COVID-19, требуют повышения межкультурных компетенций специалистов-международников. Актуальная ситуация в мире показывает, что деглобализация — замедление глобализации во всех сферах жизни — это новая реальность, и важно как можно скорее приспособиться к ней. Методологический подход, используемый в настоящем исследовании, сочетает контент-анализ тематических «пандемийных» публикаций ведущих международных экспертов в дипломатической сфере, а также действующих дипломатов, с Моделью развития межкультурной чувствительности (DMIS), разработанной выдающимся американским социологом Милтоном Беннетом. Межкультурные компетенции трактуются автором как комплекс теоретических знаний и ключевых практических навыков, позволяющих эффективно и успешно общаться с представителями различных культур и религиозных традиций, а также чувствовать себя психологически комфортно в чужой среде. Сокращение числа личных деловых контактов приводит к стремлению к повышению их эффективности, что должно отражаться в лучшем понимании мотиваций, позиций и реакций собеседника. В то же время культурная специфика остаётся главным фактором, формирующим человеческое общение, независимо от того, ведётся ли оно офлайн или онлайн. Сегодня, когда усиливается тенденция к проведению онлайн-конференций и встреч, мы становимся свидетелями растущей потребности научиться понимать отношение наших виртуальных собеседников, выходцев из различных национальных культур и традиций. В ходе онлайн-встреч, например, уменьшилась необходимость правильно расшифровывать язык их тела — на экране ПК едва ли можно увидеть фигуру собеседника целиком. И, следовательно, вербальная коммуникация начала преобладать над невербальной, увеличивая потребность в правильной интерпретации слов, фраз, тона, мимики и жестов, которые всё ещё очень широко используются во время виртуального общения. Следующим шагом будет использование наиболее релевантных аргументов и подходов для изложения собственной позиции и/или мнения. Для успешного применения коммуникационных навыков с обратной связью между людьми из разных национальных культур потребуется знание культурных особенностей, которое обеспечивается курсами межкультурных компетенций, тренингами, семинарами или любыми другими образовательными программами. Предполагается, что программы по межкультурным компетенциям должны включать, по крайней мере, три следующих компонента: 1) региональные исследования, 2) аксиологические ориентации, 3) модели и нормы поведения, при этом «аксиологические ориентации» рассматриваются как первостепенные. Наконец, делается вывод о серьёзной необходимости включения программ по межкультурным компетенциям в подготовку будущих дипломатов на ранних этапах их профессионального образования. В то же время, это настоятельно рекомендуется для повышения квалификации уже работающих дипломатов по всему миру.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this contribution we argue that cross-cultural competence (CCC or 3C) is being an indispensable proficiency in professional work of diplomats worldwide despite any changes that happened in professional interaction due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. It is also suggested that deglobalizing processes significantly strengthened by COVID-19 have made the necessity for specialists professionally involved in international relations to acquire cross-cultural competence even greater than before. The current global situation shows that deglobalization — slowing down of globalization in all spheres of life — is a new reality and it is important to adjust to it as soon as possible. Cross-cultural competence is defined here as a complex of theoretical knowledge and key practical skills enabling to efficiently and successfully communicate with the representatives of different cultures and religious traditions as well as to feel psychologically comfortable in a foreign environment. A reduced number of personal business interactions lead to the urge for their higher efficiency that is supposed to be reflected in a better understanding of the interlocutor’s motivations, stands and reactions. At the same time cultural specifics remains the main factor shaping human communication whether it is conducted offline or online. Today as the tendency to conduct online conferences and meetings increases, we witness an increased need to learn to understand the attitudes of our virtual interlocutors, who are coming from various national cultures and traditions. In the course of online meetings, the necessity to correctly decipher their body language, for example, has decreased — one can hardly see a full figure on the PC screen. And consequently, verbal communication started to prevail over non-verbal one increasing the demand for proper interpretation of words, phrases, tone, mimics and gestures that are still very widely used during virtual communication. The next step would be using the most relevant arguments and approaches to deliver one’s own position and/or opinion. To successfully apply both mechanisms — of receiving messages and replying to them — during communication of people from different national cultures it would require the knowledge of cultural specifics that is provided by cross-cultural competence courses, training, seminars, or any other educational programmes. Programmes in cross-cultural competence are supposed to include at least three following components: 1) regional studies, 2) axiological orientations, 3) models and norms of behavior, while axiological orientations are seen as the most important one. Finally, the conclusion is made about a serious need to include cross-cultural competence programmes into the training of diplomats-to-be at the early stages of their professional education. At the same time, it is highly recommended for professional upgrade of the already serving diplomats worldwide. The methodological approach used in the present research combines content analysis of the post-COVID publications by the leading international experts in the diplomatic field as well as acting diplomats with the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) elaborated by the prominent American sociologist Milton Bennet. The latter is a six-level sсheme, according to which it is possible to figure the level of person’s skillfulness in cross-cultural communication.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>межкультурные компетенции</kwd><kwd>глобализация</kwd><kwd>деглобализация</kwd><kwd>консьюмеризм</kwd><kwd>дипломатия</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>коммуникация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cross-cultural competence</kwd><kwd>globalization</kwd><kwd>deglobalization</kwd><kwd>consumerism</kwd><kwd>diplomacy</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>communication</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глаголев В.С. Дипломатическая служба: научно-теоретические, правовые и практические основы искусства дипломатии (размышления в связи с подготовкой нового издания учебно-методического комплекса «Дипломатическая служба» // Право и управление. XXI век. — 2011. — № 3. — С. 119-121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ardila, A. (2020) ‘Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology: History and Prospects’, RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics, 17(1), pp. 64–78. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-1-64-78</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.В. Всечеловеческое vs. общечеловеческое. — Москва: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Садра», 2019. — 216 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baudrillard, J. (1998) The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures. London: Sage Publications</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.В., Солондаев В.К. Процессуальная логика. — Москва: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Садра», 2019. — 160 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bennett, M. J. (2013) Basic concepts of intercultural communication : paradigms, principles, &amp; practice : selected readings. Boston: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ardila A. Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology: History and Prospects // RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. — 2020. — Vol. 17, № 1. — P. 64–78. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-1-64-78</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Black, D. W. (2007) ‘A review of compulsive buying disorder’, World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 6(1), pp. 14–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baudrillard J. The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures. — London: Sage Publications, 1998. — 221 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolewski, W. (2008) ‘Diplomatic Processes and Cultural Variations: The Relevance of Culture in Diplomacy’, The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, (Winter/Spring), pp. 145–160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bennett M.J. Basic concepts of intercultural communication: paradigms, principles, &amp; practice: selected readings. — Boston: Nicholas Brealey Publishing, 2013. — 352 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Culhane, E. et al. (2012) ‘Beyond Frontiers: The Critical Role of Cross-Cultural Competence in the Military’, The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, 50(1), pp. 30–38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Black D.W. A review of compulsive buying disorder // World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). — 2007. — Vol. 6, № 1. — P. 14–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deutscher, G. (2011) Through the language glass : Why the world looks different in other languages. London: Arrow Books Ltd.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolewski W. Diplomatic Processes and Cultural Variations: The Relevance of Culture in Diplomacy // The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations. — 2008. — № Winter/Spring. — P. 145–160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferguson, N. (2011) Civilization: the West and the rest. New York: Penguin Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Culhane E. et al. Beyond Frontiers: The Critical Role of Cross-Cultural Competence in the Military // The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist. — 2012. — Vol. 50, № 1. — P. 30–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, R. (2018) Personality, values, culture an evolutionary approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deutscher G. Through the language glass : Why the world looks different in other languages. — London: Arrow Books Ltd, 2011. — 320 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glagolev, V. S. (2011) ‘Diplomatic Service: Scientific, Legal and Practical Foundations of the Art of Diplomacy’, Journal of Law and Administration, (3), pp. 119–121. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferguson N. Civilization : the West and the rest. — New York: Penguin Press, 2011. — xxx, 402 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gregersen, T. S. (2007) ‘Language learning beyond words: Incorporating body language into classroom activities’, Reflections on English Language Teaching, 6(1), pp. 51–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer R. Personality, values, culture an evolutionary approach. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. — x, 270 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kealey, D. J., MacDonald, D. and Vulpe, T. (2004) ‘Intercultural competence and its relevance for international diplomacy’, in Intercultural Communication and Diplomacy. Msida, Malta; Geneva: DiploFoundation, pp. 431–444.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregersen T.S. Language learning beyond words: Incorporating body language into classroom activities // Reflections on English Language Teaching. — 2007. — Vol. 6, № 1. — P. 51–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kruse, S., Ravlik, M. and Welzel, C. (2019) ‘Democracy Confused: When People Mistake the Absence of Democracy for Its Presence’, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 50(3), pp. 315–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118821437</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kealey D.J., MacDonald D., Vulpe T. Intercultural competence and its relevance for international diplomacy // Intercultural Communication and Diplomacy. — Msida, Malta; Geneva: DiploFoundation, 2004. — P. 431–444.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manshur, F. M. and Husni, H. (2020) ‘Covid-19 and Anti-Globalization Issues: A Cultural Perspective’, Journal of critical reviews, 7(14), pp. 209–213. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.14.36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kruse S., Ravlik M., Welzel C. Democracy Confused: When People Mistake the Absence of Democracy for Its Presence // Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. — 2019. —Vol. 50, № 3. — P. 315–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118821437</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müller, A., Claes, L. and Kyrios, M. (2021) ‘Object attachment in buying-shopping disorder’, Current Opinion in Psychology, 39, pp. 115–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manshur F.M., Husni H. Covid-19 and Anti-Globalization Issues: A Cultural Perspective // Journal of critical reviews. — 2020. — Vol. 7, № 14. — P. 209–213. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.14.36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nisbett, R. E. (2003) The geography of thought: how Asians and Westerners think differently and why. New York: Free Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müller A., Claes L., Kyrios M. Object attachment in buying-shopping disorder // Current Opinion in Psychology. — 2021. — Vol. 39. — P. 115–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov, A. V. (2019) Vsechelovecheskoye vs. Obschechelovecheskoye [Everything human vs. universal]. Moscow: Sadra Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nisbett R.E. The geography of thought: how Asians and Westerners think differently and why. — New York: Free Press, 2003. — xxiii, 263 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov, A. V. and Solondaev, V. K. (2019) Protsessualnaya Logika [Procedural logic]. Moscow: Sadra Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
