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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2021-4-20-62-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-573</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЛИГИОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. RELIGIOUS STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Критическая теория религии Эриха Фромма: от мессианского иудаизма до радикального гуманизма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Critical Theory of Religion by Erich Fromm: from Messianic Judaism to Radical Humanism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7018-6301</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коростиченко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korostichenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Игоревна Коростиченко — кандидат философских наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>109240, Москва, ул. Гончарная, д. 12, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina I. Korostichenko — PhD in Philosophy, Researcher</p><p>12/1 Goncharnaya Str., Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ek.korostichenko@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт философии РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Philosophy of Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коростиченко Е.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коростиченко Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korostichenko E.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/573">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/573</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе рассмотрена критическая теория религии Фромма. С точки зрения развития взглядов философа проанализированы ключевые концепции гуманистической психологии Фромма, включая биофилию, отказ от идолопоклонства, «икс-опыт», типологию гуманистических и авторитарных религий и т.д. Продемонстрирована тесная связь этих концепций с иудейской традицией, особенно иудейским мессианством и негативной теологией Маймонида. Статья разбита на разделы, прослеживающие эволюцию взглядов Фромма на религию — от увлечения хасидизмом, через теории Фрейда и Маркса, до концепции гуманистической религии. Обоснован вывод, что Фромм как философ черпал вдохновение в еврейской традиции, начиная с самых первых работ о религии (его диссертация о социологии еврейской диаспоры, статья «Шаббат», «Догмат о Христе»), написанных им, будучи верующим иудеем, и завершая кульминацией его учения — радикальным гуманизмом. При этом теория религии Фромма, как и других мыслителей Франкфуртской школы, сочетает в себе элементы философских учений Гегеля, Маркса и Фрейда. Взгляд Фромма на религию представляет собой оригинальный непротиворечивый синтез идей различных течений, нашедший своё окончательное выражение в концепции радикального гуманизма. В работе уделено значительное место анализу феномена идолопоклонства как формы отчуждения человека. Фромм призывает бороться с идолопоклонством в широком смысле, которое он обнаруживает в различных общественных явлениях от консьюмеризма до религиозного фундаментализма. В статье впервые проанализировано понятие Фромма об «икс-опыте», данное им в книге «Вы будете как боги». «Икс-опыт» – особое трансцендентное переживание человека, отделённое от множества вариантов его концептуализации, которые могут быть как теистическими, так и атеистическими. «Икс-опыт» имеет психологическую природу и ведёт к уменьшению либо окончательному преодолению нарциссизма. Также он представляет своеобразную противоположность отчуждению, возникающему вследствие идолопоклонства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper studies Erich Fromm’s critical theory of religion and looks into the evolution of the philosopher’s views. We analyze key concepts of Fromm’s humanistic psychology, including biophilia, rejection of idolatry, X-experience, classification of religions as humanistic or authoritarian, plea for sustainable coexistence with the environment, and some others. The author demonstrates close connection of these concepts with Judaic tradition, especially the messianism and negative theology of Maimonides. The paper is divided into chapters tracing the evolution of Fromm’s views on religion — from Hasidic Judaism, through following Freud and Marx, to the concept of humanistic religion. The analysis shows that starting from his early works and up to the radical, socialistic humanism as the pinnacle of his thought, Fromm as a philosopher and a strong Israelite draws inspiration from the religious tradition. Notably, his PhD thesis was devoted to the sociology of Hebrew diaspora, Der Sabbath, The Dogma of Christ. However, Fromm’s theory of religion, accordant with the Frankfurt School, combines aspects of Hegel, Marx and Freud’s teachings. Fromm’s views on religion are an original, self-consistent synthesis of diverse ideas, and result in the concept of radical humanism. The paper specifically considers Fromm’s view on idolatry as a form of alienation. Fromm urges to fight against idolatry in a bro.ader sense, finding it in various social phenomena, ranging from consumerism to religious fundamentalism. The paper also reviews the concept of X-experience that Fromm gives in You Shall Be as Gods. The X-experience is a special transcendental experience, separated from its multiple theistic or non-theistic conceptualizations. X-experience is psychological in its nature and leads to diminishing or eliminating narcissism. It constitutes a certain opposition to the alienation caused by idolatry. The work also considers Fromm’s idea of humanistic religion as related to his other concepts. The author supposes that the distinction between authoritarian and humanistic religions is tied to the earlier separation into authoritarian and humanistic ethics that Fromm presents in Man for himself. The impact of Marx and Freud on Fromm’s philosophy of religion is highlighted. While drawing from both, Fromm considered Marx’s theory to be deeper and more significant.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Эрих Фромм</kwd><kwd>радикальный гуманизм</kwd><kwd>идолопоклонство</kwd><kwd>иудаизм</kwd><kwd>«икс-опыт»</kwd><kwd>биофилия</kwd><kwd>фрейдомарксизм</kwd><kwd>психоанализ</kwd><kwd>Франкфуртская школа</kwd><kwd>гуманистическая религия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Erich Fromm</kwd><kwd>radical humanism</kwd><kwd>idolatry</kwd><kwd>Judaism</kwd><kwd>Biophilia</kwd><kwd>humanistic religion</kwd><kwd>X-experience</kwd><kwd>freudomarxism</kwd><kwd>psychoanalysis</kwd><kwd>Frankfurt School</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бродецкий А.Е. Этико-антропологический контекст религиозности и ее ценностные векторы в интерпретации Э. 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