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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2022-1-21-77-106</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-602</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. CULTUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Естественное сообщество интересов и симпатий»: Россия и Америка в XIX в.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Natural Community of Interests and Sympathies: Russia and America in the 19th Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-7645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плеханов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plekhanov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Михайлович Плеханов — доктор исторических наук, доцент кафедры политологии</p><p>M3J 1P3 Онтарио, Торонто, Кил-стрит, 4700</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Serguei M Plekhanov — Doctor of History, Associate Professor of Political Science</p><p>4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">splekhan@yorku.ca</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Йоркский университет</institution><country>Канада</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>York University</institution><country>Canada</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плеханов С.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плеханов С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Plekhanov S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/602">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/602</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья представляет собой краткий обзор истории р канских отношений с конца XVIII до конца XIX вв., главная цель которого — прояснить вопрос, почему глубокие противоречия между идеологическими основами двух государств, самодержавной империи и демократической республики, не мешали существованию дружественных, почти союзнических отношений между двумя странами на протяжении более века. Анализ ключевых событий, определявших становление и развитие российско-американского межкультурного взаимодействия – таких, как борьба США за независимость, наполеоновские войны, Крымская война, Гражданская война в США — позволяет выявить логику и мотивы их длительного сотрудничества в различных областях. С позиций философии культуры прослежены конкретные условия, в которых прагматические мотивы долгое время перекрывали иделогические расхождения, что позволило двум странам осуществлять продуктивное взаимодействие в сфере внешней политики. Кажущаяся парадоксальность того обстоятельства, что самодержавная Россия реально помогла американской республике — государству, сам факт образования которого был отрицанием идеологических основ российского строя, — выжить, вырасти, преодолеть внутренний раскол и подняться до статуса мировой державы, объясняется спецификой конфигурации национальных интересов России и США в данный период. Географическая дистанция между двумя странами долгое время исключала геополитические конфликты между ними, тогда как роль и место России в соперничестве между великими державами Европы соответствовали геополитическим интересам США, стремившихся вытеснить европейские державы из Западного полушария. В отличие от западноевропейских колониальных держав, Россия не препятствовала стремлению США к гегемонии на американском континенте, а США не препятствовали территориальной экспансии России в Евразии. Геополитическое сотрудничество подкреплялось взаимным интересом в развитии торговли. При этом ни Россия, ни США не превращали подспудный идеологический конфликт между ними в препятствие для продолжения сотрудничества, пока сочетание внутриполитических и международных факторов не вызвало трения между национальными интересами двух стран и одновременное обострение идеологического конфликта. Предлагаемое тематическое исследование вносит вклад в изучение проблематики роли идеологии в международных отношениях. Оно проливает свет на механизмы культуры, блокирующие идеологические конфликты вопреки прямолинейной логике их развёртывания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This brief review of the first century of Russian-American relations seeks to explain why the profound conflict between the ideological foundations of the two states — an autocratic empire and a democratic republic — did not hamper the relations between them for a long time. Focusing on such events as the American War of Independence, Napoleonic Wars, the Crimean War, and the American Civil War, the study, informed by neoclassical realism and philosophy of culture, discusses the logic of political and sociocultural interactions between the two states over a period shaped by great historical upheavals and social transformations. Autocratic Russia despite its ideological basis welcomed the birth of the American republic, helped it to survive, grow, overcome its internal divisions, and rise to a world power status. This seeming paradox is explained primarily by the historical-specific configuration of the national interests of Russia and the USA. The geographical distance between the two countries precluded geopolitical conflicts between them, while Russia’s role in the rivalries between the great powers of Europe corresponded to the geopolitical interests of the USA. Unlike West European powers, Russia did not object to the US drive for hegemony on the American continent, and neither did the US obstruct Russia’s territorial expansion in Eurasia. Geopolitical cooperation was reinforced by the mutual interest in trade. The congruence between the two countries' national interests was discovered during the American War of Independence and continued to exist until the early 20th century. The ruling elites on both sides kept the inherent ideological conflict between Russia and America from undermining the two nations’ cooperation. In times of liberal reforms in Russia, regarded in the US as proof of the universality of American ideas, the ideological conflict seemed to wane, but Russian- American cooperation continued even under more repressive Russian regimes. The situation changed when a combination of international and domestic factors caused frictions between their national interests and spurred their ideological conflict. The two countries’ expansionist drives in the North Pacific region made them rivals in the struggle for regional influence. Meanwhile, turbulent changes in American society in the late 19th – early 20th centuries generated an intensive reaffirmation of the American national creed. The new ideologization of America targeted Russian crisis-stricken tsarism as a system opposed to democratic values. American public opinion shifted from friendship with Russian tsars to advocacy of Russian freedom. This case study contributes insights into the historical evolution of Russian-American relations and the general problem of the role of ideology in international relations. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>российско-американские отношения</kwd><kwd>национальные интересы</kwd><kwd>идеология</kwd><kwd>геополитика</kwd><kwd>международная торговля</kwd><kwd>независимость Америки</kwd><kwd>Русская Америка</kwd><kwd>Гражданская война в США</kwd><kwd>Аляска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian-American relations</kwd><kwd>national interest</kwd><kwd>geopolitics</kwd><kwd>ideology</kwd><kwd>international trade</kwd><kwd>American Independence</kwd><kwd>Russian America</kwd><kwd>American Civil War</kwd><kwd>Alaska</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляков Д.А. 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