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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2024-1-29-55-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-869</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЛИГИОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. RELIGIOUS STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политизация ислама в современном Иране: аутопойэсис шиитских традиций?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Politization of Islam in Modern Iran: Autopoiesis of Shiite Tradition?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9950-5866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матушанская</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matushanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Григорьевна Матушанская — доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры религиоведения Института социально-философских наук и массовых коммуникаций</p><p>420111, Казань, ул. Кремлевская д. 18 (Россия)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia G. Matushanskaya — Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Department of Religious Studies, Institute of Socio-Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications</p><p>18, Kremliovskaya street, Kazan, 420008 (Russia)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jgm2007@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайруллин</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khairullin</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альмир Рамилович Хайруллин — аспирант кафедры религиоведения Института социальнофилософских наук и массовых коммуникаций </p><p>420111, Казань, ул. Кремлевская д. 18 (Россия)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almir R. Khairullin — PhD student, Department of Religious Studies, Institute of Socio-Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications</p><p>18, Kremliovskaya street, Kazan, 420008 (Russia)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jajadasistpochta@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-6353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тулянская</surname><given-names>Ю. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tulyanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Тихоновна Тулянская — кандидат философских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia T. Tulyanskaya — PhD in Philosophy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nille@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazan Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Независимый исследователь<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Independent researcher<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Матушанская Ю.Г., Хайруллин А.Р., Тулянская Ю.Т., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матушанская Ю.Г., Хайруллин А.Р., Тулянская Ю.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matushanskaya Y.G., Khairullin A.R., Tulyanskaya Y.T.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/869">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/869</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предпринята попытка рассмотрения развития политизированного шиитского ислама в Иране как разновидности аутопойэсиса (Н. Луман) этой религиозной традиции. Обращение к заявленной теме обусловлено актуализацией влияния религии на жизненный мир ряда обществ, сделавших ставку на технологическую модернизацию, а также  тем значением, которое приобретает в наши дни тема оптимального сочетания модернизации и традиционных ценностей. Цель исследования — на основе анализа деятельности шиитского духовенства охарактеризовать своеобразие «переоценки ценностей» иранского общества в ходе развития современной философии и идеологии шиизма. В задачи исследования входило: 1) систематизировать имеющиеся научные подходы к процессу политизации шиизма во второй половине ХХ – начале ХХI вв.; 2) рассмотреть связь политических процессов со специфической теологией шиизма; 3) раскрыть динамику соотношения ценностей традиции и модернизации в учении шиитских религиозных деятелей; 4) уточнить специфику этапов влияния ислама имамитов на религиозную и политическую жизнь современного Ирана. Материалами исследования послужили богословские и научные сочинения исламских духовных лидеров, их оппонентов и последователей. В качестве ключевого метода использовались историко-генетический, позволивший проанализировать становление шиизма в Иране в историко-культурном контексте; и компаративный, с помощью которого была уточнена специфика различных этапов аутопойетического становления иранского шиизма на фоне других направлений шиизма и ислама в целом. В результате доказано, что рассмотрение пути развития философско-идеологических аспектов теологии шиизма с позиций теории Н. Лумана даёт возможность проследить не только внешние, но и автохтонные основания сложных реверсов этой религиозной модели самосознания общества; а также выявить и охарактеризовать функциональную специфику и динамические характеристики процесса политизации шиизма в Иране. В современном Иране теология влияет на состояние сознания верующих, и, как следствие, на социальные и политические процессы, — а не наоборот, как это принято считать по отношению к обществам модерна. Роль ислама имамитов (шиитов) в формировании ценностей и установок поведения в ходе реальных структурирования отношений в социуме оказывается для Ирана ключевой. При этом, однако в этой теологии содержится потенциал исторических изменений: сама теологическая система изменяется, отталкиваясь от собственных концепций и трансформируя их. Этот конструктивистский подход оказывается хорошо сопрягаем с упором на традиционализм, логическая возможность коллаборации с которым в строительстве общества нового типа обоснована в рамках развития теории «попечительства законоведа».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the development of politicized Shiite Islam in Iran as a type of autopoiesis (N. Luhmann) of this religious tradition. The topic arises from the actualization of the influence of religion on the life of a number of societies that have relied on technological modernization, as well as the importance that the topic of the optimal combination of modernization and traditional values is acquiring today. The purpose of the study is, based on an analysis of the activities of the Shiite clergy, to characterize the uniqueness of the revaluation of the values of Iranian society in the course of the development of modern philosophy and ideology of Shiism. The objectives of the study were: 1) to systematize the existing scientific approaches to the process of politicization of Shiism in the second half of the 20th – early 21st centuries; 2) consider the connection between political processes and the specific theology of Shiism; 3) reveal the dynamics of the relationship between the values of tradition and modernization in the teachings of Shiite religious figures; 4) clarify the specificities of the stages of influence of Imami Islam on the religious and political life of modern Iran. The research was based on theological and scientific writings of Islamic spiritual leaders, their opponents and followers. The key method used was historical-genetic, which made it possible to analyze the formation of Shiism in Iran in the historical and cultural context; and comparative, with the help of which the specifics of the various stages of the autopoietic formation of Iranian Shiism against the background of other denominations of Shiism and Islam in general were clarified. It has been proven that consideration of the path of development of the philosophical and ideological aspects of Shiism theology from the perspective of N. Luhmann's theory makes it possible to trace not only the external, but also the autochthonous foundations of the complex reverses of this religious model of self-awareness of society; as well as identify and characterize the functional specificity and dynamic characteristics of the process of politicization of Shiism in Iran. In modern Iran, theology influences the consciousness of believers, and, as a consequence, social and political processes, and not vice versa, as is commonly believed in relation to modern societies. The role of Imami Islam (Shiites) in the formation of values and behavioral attitudes during the actual structuring of relations in society turns out to be key for Iran. At the same time, however, this theology contains the potential for historical change: the very theological system changes, starting from its own concepts and transforming them. This constructivist approach turns out to be compatible with the emphasis on traditionalism. The logical possibility of such collaboration in building a new type of society is justified within the framework of the development of the theory of legal guardianship.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шиизм</kwd><kwd>двунадесятники</kwd><kwd>Иран</kwd><kwd>Хомейни</kwd><kwd>«попечительство законоведа»</kwd><kwd>религиозные особенности</kwd><kwd>мировоззрение</kwd><kwd>имамы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Shiism</kwd><kwd>Twelvers</kwd><kwd>Iran</kwd><kwd>Khomeini</kwd><kwd>legal guardianship</kwd><kwd>religious features</kwd><kwd>worldview</kwd><kwd>Imams</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев Е.А. Арабы, ислам и арабский халифат в Раннее Средневековье. — Москва: Наука,1966. — 279 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alemzadeh, M. 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