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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2024-1-29-71-90</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-870</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. CULTUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние параметра «индивидуализм — коллективизм» на формирование поведенческих особенностей у людей разных национальных культур</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Impact of the Parameter Individualism — Collectivism on the Formation of Behavioral Characteristics in People of Various National Cultures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-6702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиль</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalil</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мона Абдель Малик Халиль — кандидат философских наук, член Египетского совета по международным делам, исполнительный директор Российско-египетского делового совета при ТПП РФ (Египет)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mona Abdel Malik Khalil — PhD (Philosophy), Member of the Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs, Executive director at The Russian – Egyptian Business Council at the Chamber of Trade and Industry of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Fakher Tower 2 / Othman Towers, Corniche AlNile / Maadi, Cairo, Egypt. (Egypt)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mona_khalil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Египетский совет по международным делам<country>Египет</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs, Cairo, Egypt<country>Egypt</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Халиль М.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Халиль М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khalil M.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/870">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/870</self-uri><abstract><p>Различные теории кросс-культурной коммуникации, разрабатываемые в том числе в рамках философии культуры, культурной антропологии, социальной психологии, когнитивистики и др., предлагают разнообразные способы классификации национальных культур. При этом остаётся недостаточно проработанным вопрос о параметрах сопоставления культур, — особенно таких, которые бы поддавались прозрачным процедурам количественной и/или качественной оценки. В данной статье обосновано использование для этих целей параметра «индивидуализм — коллективизм» в качестве «рамочного»; с позиций культурной антропологии и философии культуры этот приём апробирован применительно к представителям не только условно западных, но и незападных культур. В задачи исследования входил анализ известных теорий кросс-культурного взаимодействия с выделением в них компонентов, связанных с исследуемой рамкой; уточнение пересечений и несовпадений этих теорий; определение связи поведенческих особенностей с ценностными установками, раскрывающими типы ориентации в рамках параметра «индивидуализм — коллективизм» и анализ ряда кейсов, иллюстрирующих общее и различное в реализации этой рамки представителями нескольких национальных культур. Материалами исследования послужили теоретические разработки в области культурной антропологии, философии и психологии культуры — теория культур вины и стыда Р. Бенедикт, теория самопрезентаций Р. Баумейстера и Д. Хаттон, теория самоконструирования личности Х. Маркус и Ш. Китаямы, а также теория культурных логик А. Люнг и Д. Коэна. Также в статье проанализирован ряд кейсов, собранных лично автором. В ходе работы с теоретическими источниками применялся категориальный анализ; в ходе сбора и обработки информации были использованы такие методы, как включенное наблюдение и дискурс-анализ. Общеметодологический призмой послужили компаративный подход и приёмы герменевтики. В результате исследования показано, что, как минимум начиная с 1960-х гг., специалисты в области изучения культуры всё чаще начинают обнаруживать ограничения и нестыковки в теориях, прежде претендовавших на универсальность. Кроме того, разработанные в лоне западной культуры, многие подходы, в том числе антрополого-психологические, перестают работать при применении их к людям незападных культур. В результате интерпретации собранных данных получено подтверждение инструментальной пригодности использования параметра «индивидуализм — коллективизм» для интерпретации различий поведенческих особенностей представителей в том числе незападных народов. Наложение данного параметра на различные теории культуры показывают его модульный характер, способность непротиворечиво встраиваться в наработки по более широкому (как и более узкому) кругу вопросов. При этом данный параметр чётко коррелирует с ключевыми поведенческими особенностями, выраженно отличными у представителей западных и незападных культур, позволяя интерпретировать ряд феноменов, ранее не поддававшихся интерпретации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Different theories of cross-cultural communication developed by researchers in the field of humanities including cultural anthropology, social psychology, cognitive science, etc., offer a variety of ways to classify national cultures. At the same time, many agree that there is a need for finding clear and measurable fundamental parameters underlying any national culture. The article substantiates the use of the parameter of individualism vs. collectivism, already tested in the framework of anthropology and philosophy of culture with regard to both Western and non-Western cultures, as an effective way for cultural comparison. The article aims to give an overview of various theories of cross-cultural interaction and their elements; to examine where they overlap or diverge; to look into the correlation between individualist/collectivist value orientations and behavior; and to study this parameter realization on a number of cases. The study is based on philosophical, anthropological, and cultural psychological theories, including the theory of guilt and shame cultures by R. Benedict, theory of self–presentations by R. Baumeister and D. Hutton, theory of personality’s self-construction by H. Marcus and S. Kitayama, as well as theory of cultural logics by A. Leung and D. Cohen. As an empirical confirmation of the above theoretical approaches, the article provides real-life examples, collected by the author. Literature was subject to categorical analysis. Empirical data was collected and analyzed using methods such as participant observation and discourse analysis. The comparative approach and hermeneutics techniques served as a general methodological prism. The study shows that, at least since the 1960s, specialists in the field of cultural studies have been increasingly discovering limitations and inconsistencies in theories that previously claimed to be universal: many of the models which originated in the West do not adequately represent non-Western cultures. The study proves the workability of the parameter of individualism vs. collectivism for interpretation of behavioral inconsistencies between people of different cultures. This parameter is compatible with a wide range of frameworks and shows a clear correlation between behavioral characteristics in different cultures and allows to interpret phenomena that were previously uninterpretable.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>философия культуры</kwd><kwd>кросс-культурные исследования</kwd><kwd>межкультурная коммуникация</kwd><kwd>индивидуализм</kwd><kwd>коллективизм</kwd><kwd>самопрезентация</kwd><kwd>самоконструирование личности</kwd><kwd>культурные логики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>philosophy of culture</kwd><kwd>cross-cultural studies</kwd><kwd>intercultural communication</kwd><kwd>individualism</kwd><kwd>collectivism</kwd><kwd>self-presentation</kwd><kwd>self-construal</kwd><kwd>cultural logics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вагапова Н.А., Андриянова А.А., Кузьмичева Е.А. 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