<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2024-3-31-20-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-921</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЛИГИОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. RELIGIOUS STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ветхозаветные пророки и шаманы: сопоставление двух феноменов по ключевым аспектам (антропологический подход)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Old Testament Prophets and Shamans: Comparison of the Phenomena (Anthropological Approach)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6034-9704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Васильевич Андреев — кандидат философских наук, преподаватель кафедры библеистики </p><p>127051, г. Москва, Лихов пер., 6–1 (Россия)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Andreev — PhD in Philosophy, Lecturer, Department of Biblical Studies</p><p>6-1, Lihov ln., Moscow, Russia, 127051 (Russia)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey.andreevtf@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0592-3214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасымов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasymov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арсений Бахрусович Гасымов — аспирант кафедры религиоведения философского факультета</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, д. 27, корп. 4 (Россия)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arseniy B. Gasymov — PhD student, Department of religious studies, Philosophy Faculty</p><p>27/4 Lomonosovsky Prospect, Moscow, Russia, 119991 (Russia)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arseniy-gas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Православный Свято-Тихоновский гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андреев А.В., Гасымов А.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андреев А.В., Гасымов А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreev A.V., Gasymov A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/921">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/921</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья представляет собой сопоставительный анализ двух феноменов — ветхозаветных пророков и шаманов — по пяти ключевым аспектам (как сущностным, так и формальным): социальный статус в обществе; призвание; посредничество, гадание и магия; ритуал и космология; пол. Сравнения библейских пророков с шаманами, магами, чародеями и колдунами предпринимались неоднократно. При этом они отталкивались от поверхностного сходства между этими феноменами и часто были построены как сугубо описательные. Ключевую трудность в данном случае задаёт характер источников: библейские тексты написаны в донаучное время, а сведения о шаманах зафиксированы этнографами и антропологами. Данное исследование является попыткой систематизации подходов к сопоставлению библейских пророков с шаманами и проведение самостоятельного сравнений этих феноменов. Для достижения этой цели было необходимо решить следующие задачи: 1) проследить проблемы, свойственные источникам сопоставления; 2) уточнить основные понятия, характеризующие данные феномены, обосновать принятые определения; 3) выделить основания сравнения ветхозаветных пророков и сибирских шаманов; 4) провести сравнение по выбранным позициям; 5) установить наличие сходств и различий. Обоснован вывод, что, при внешнем сходстве социально-религиозной роли — посредника между человеческим и потусторонним мирами — другие сущностные аспекты этих служений не имеют ничего общего. Во-первых, шаманы встроены в социальную архитектуру своего общества (родовая принадлежность), а пророки могут быть как системными, так и оппозиционными; социальный статус шаманов выше, чем у пророков, поскольку они обладали не только духовной, но и реальной властью. Во-вторых, призвание пророков и шаманов разное (первых, согласно Библии, призывает бог для определённой миссии, вторых, согласно их опыту, мучают духи, принуждая им служить). В-третьих, шаманы в большей степени вовлечены в сферу магии и гадания, а сами их действия вписаны в определённый ритуал, чего нельзя сказать о пророках. В-червёртых, космологические модели пророков и шаманов не имеют ничего общего. В-пятых, гендерное разнообразие у шаманов не просто шире, чем у пророков, оно подвижно. В результате получен вывод о том, что попытки обнаружить «семейное сходство» между этими феноменами являются огрублённым обобщением, ведущим к ряду теоретических недоразумений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides a comparative analysis of the phenomena of Old Testament prophets and shamans against five key aspects: their social status, calling, intermediation, fortune-telling and magic, rituals and cosmogony, and gender. Numerous previous attempts to compare Old Testament prophets, shamans and sorcerers were based on the superficial likeness between these phenomena and often were mere descriptions. The key challenge for such a comparison is the choice of sources: Biblical texts were written in prescientific times, and information about shamans was recorded by ethnographers and anthropologists. This study is an attempt to systematize approaches to comparing Biblical prophets with shamans and to conduct an independent comparison of these phenomena. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to consider the problems inherent in the sources; 2) to clarify the basic concepts characterizing these phenomena, and to substantiate the adopted definitions; 3) to highlight the grounds for comparing the Old Testament prophets and Siberian shamans; 4) to conduct a comparison according to the selected criteria; 5) to establish the similarities and differences. The results of the study are that despite the external similarity of the socio-religious role of prophets and shamans, because of their role in mediation between the human and spirit worlds, they have nothing else in common. Firstly, shamans are integrated into the social architecture of their society (tribal affiliation), and prophets can be both part of the social system or be in opposition; the social status of shamans is higher than that of prophets, since they possessed not only spiritual but also real power. Secondly, the calling of prophets and shamans is different (the former, according to the Bible, are called by God for a specific mission, the latter, according to their experience, are tormented by spirits, forcing them to serve them). Thirdly, unlike prophets, shamans are involved in the sphere of magic and divination, and their actions themselves are inscribed in a certain ritual. Fourthly, the cosmological models of prophets and shamans have nothing in common. Finally, gender diversity among shamans is not only wider than among prophets, but also mobile. In conclusion the authors attempt to find a family resemblance between these phenomena are a crude generalization leading to a number of theoretical misunderstandings.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пророк</kwd><kwd>шаман</kwd><kwd>Библия</kwd><kwd>Ветхий Завет</kwd><kwd>посредничество</kwd><kwd>гадание</kwd><kwd>магия</kwd><kwd>пол</kwd><kwd>ритуал</kwd><kwd>космология</kwd><kwd>социальный статус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prophet</kwd><kwd>shaman</kwd><kwd>Bible</kwd><kwd>Old Testament</kwd><kwd>intermediation</kwd><kwd>divination</kwd><kwd>magic</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>ritual</kwd><kwd>cosmology</kwd><kwd>social status</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басилов В.Н. Что такое шаманство? // Этнографическое обозрение. — 1997. — № 5. — С. 3–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov, V. A., et al. (1968) Istoriya Sibiri ot drevneyshikh vremon do nashikh dney: v 5 t. T. 2: Sibir’ v sostave feodal’noy Rossii [History of Siberia from ancient times to the present day: in 5 vol. Vol. 2: Siberia as part of feudal Russia]. Leningrad: Nauka Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">История Сибири с древнейших времён до наших дней: в 5 т. Т. 2: Сибирь в составе феодальной России / В.А. Александров, В.Г. Мирзоев, В.И. Шунков и др. — Ленинград: Наука, 1968. — 542 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basilov, V. N. (1997) ‘Chto takoe shamanstvo? [What is shamanism?]’, Ètnografičeskoe obozrenie, (5), pp. 3–16. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малолетко А. М. Древние народы Сибири. Этнический состав по данным топонимики. Т. 6. Раннее заселение Северной Азии. — Томск: Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет, 2012. — 336 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blenkinsopp, J. (1996) A History of Prophecy in Israel. Louisville: Presbyterian Publishing Corporation.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Назиров Р.Г. Женоподобие шамана и жреца // Назировский архив. 2014. № 2. С. 100–118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliade, M. (1951) Le chamanisme et les techniques archaiques de l’extase. Paris: Payot. (Russ. ed.: (2015) Shamanizm i arhaicheskie tekhniki ekstaza. Moscow: Ladomir Publ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смоляк А.В. Шаман: личность, функции, мировоззрение: Народы Нижнего Амура. — Москва: Наука, 1991. — 280 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleming, D. E. (1993) ‘The Etymological Origins of the Hebrew nābîʾ: The One Who Invokes God’, The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 55(2), pp. 217–224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ценгер Э. Введение в Ветхий Завет. — Москва: Библейско-богословский институт св. апостола Андрея, 2008. — 802 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grabbe, L. L. (2010) ‘Shaman, preacher, or spirit medium? The Israelite prophet in the light of anthropological models’, in Prophecy and the Prophets in Ancient Israel. London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 117–132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Элиаде М. Шаманизм и архаические техники экстаза. — Москва: Ладомир, 2015. — 552 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoppál, M. (2007) ‘Trance and Sacrifice in a Shamanic Healing Ritual’, in Shamans and traditions. Budapest: Akademie Kiadó, pp. 119–132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blenkinsopp J. A History of Prophecy in Israel. — Louisville: Presbyterian Publishing Corporation, 1996. — 291 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horowitz, W. and Hurowitz, V. (1992) ‘Urim and Thummim in the Light of a Psephomancy Ritual From Assur (LKA 137)’, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Society, 21(1), pp. 95–115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fleming D.E. The Etymological Origins of the Hebrew nābîʾ: The One Who Invokes God // The Catholic Biblical Quarterly. — 1993. — Vol. 55, № 2. — P. 217–224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanescu, C. and Berentzen, S. (2020) ‘Becoming a Shaman: Narratives of Apprenticeship and Initiation in</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grabbe L.L. Shaman, preacher, or spirit medium? The Israelite prophet in the light of anthropological models // Prophecy and the Prophets in Ancient Israel. — London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2010. — P. 117– 132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Contemporary Shamanism’, Religions, 11(7), p. 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11070362</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoppál M. Trance and Sacrifice in a Shamanic Healing Ritual // Shamans and traditions. — Budapest: Akademie Kiadó, 2007. — P. 119–132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobs, M. R. and Person, R. F. (2013) Israelite Prophecy and the Deuteronomistic History. Atlanta: SBL Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5hjh15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horowitz W., Hurowitz V. Urim and Thummim in the Light of a Psephomancy Ritual From Assur (LKA 137) // Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University. — 1992. — Vol. 21, № 1. — P. 95– 115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapelrud, A. (1967) ‘Shamanistic features in the Old Testament’, Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, 1, pp. 90–96. https://doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanescu C., Berentzen S. Becoming a Shaman: Narratives of Apprenticeship and Initiation in Contemporary Shamanism // Religions. — 2020. — Vol. 11, № 7. — P. 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11070362</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitz, A. M. (2003) ‘Prophecy as divination’, The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 65(1), pp. 22–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobs M.R., Person R.F. Israelite Prophecy and the Deuteronomistic History / ed. Jacobs M.R., Person R.F. — Atlanta: SBL Press, 2013. — 254 p. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5hjh15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee, J. Y. (1981) ‘Divination and Shamanistic Rituals’, in Korean Shamanistic Rituals. Hague: Mouton (Religion and society), pp. 143–152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kapelrud A. Shamanistic features in the Old Testament // Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis. — 1967. — Vol. 1. — P. 90–96. https://doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lim, T. H. (2017) ‘An Indicative Definition of the Canon’, in When Texts Are Canonized. Atlanta: SBL Press, pp. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1pk86xb.6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kitz A.M. Prophecy as divination // The Catholic Biblical Quarterly. — 2003. — Vol. 65, № 1. — P. 22–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Long, B. O. (1973) ‘The Effect of Divination upon Israelite Literature’, Journal of Biblical Literature, 92(4), pp. 489–497. https://doi.org/10.2307/3263117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.Y. Divination and Shamanistic Rituals // Korean Shamanistic Rituals. — Hague: Mouton, 1981. — P. 143–152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maloletko, A. M. (2012) Drevniye narody Sibiri. Etnicheskiy sostav po dannym toponimiki. T. 6. Ranneye zaseleniye Severnoy Azii [Ancient peoples of Siberia. Ethnic composition according to toponymy. Vol. 6. Early settlement of Northern Asia]. Tomsk: Natsional’nyy issledovatel’skiy Tomskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lim T.H. An Indicative Definition of the Canon // When Texts Are Canonized. — Atlanta: SBL Press, 2017. — P. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1pk86xb.6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller, R. D. (2011) ‘Shamanism in Early Israel’, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 101, pp. 309–341.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Long B.O. The Effect of Divination upon Israelite Literature // Journal of Biblical Literature. — 1973. — Vol. 92, № 4. — P. 489–497. https://doi.org/10.2307/3263117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazirov, R. G. (2014) ‘Zhenopodobiye shamana i zhretsa [Effeminacy of the shaman and the priest]’, Nazirovskij arhiv, (2), pp. 100–118. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller R.D. Shamanism in Early Israel // Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes. — 2011. — Vol. 101. — P. 309–341.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nissinen, M. (2020a) ‘Why Prophecy Is (Not) Magic’, in Fortgeschriebenes Gotteswort: Studien zur Geschichte, Theologie and Auslegung des Alten Testaments, Festschrift für Christoph Levin zum 70. Geburtstag. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, pp. 213–226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nissinen M. Why Prophecy Is (Not) Magic // Fortgeschriebenes Gotteswort: Studien zur Geschichte, Theologie and Auslegung des Alten Testaments, Festschrift für Christoph Levin zum 70. Geburtstag. — Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2020. — P. 213–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nissinen, M. (2020b) ‘Why Prophets Are (Not) Shamans?’, Vetus Testamentum, 70(1), pp. 124–139. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341434</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nissinen M. Why Prophets Are (Not) Shamans? // Vetus Testamentum. — 2020b. — Vol. 70, № 1. — P. 124–139. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341434</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Overholt, T. W. (1986) Prophecy in cross-cultural perspective: a sourcebook for Biblical researchers. Atlanta: Scholars Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Overholt T.W. Prophecy in cross-cultural perspective: a sourcebook for Biblical researchers. — Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1986. — vi, 368 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolyak, A. V (1991) Shaman: lichnost’, funktsii, mirovozzreniye: Narody Nizhnego Amura [Shaman: personality, functions, worldview: Peoples of the Lower Amur]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogels W. Les récits de vocation des prophètes // Nouvelle Revue Théologique. — 1973. — Vol. 95, № 1. — P. 3–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogels, W. (1973) ‘Les récits de vocation des prophètes’, Nouvelle Revue Théologique, 95(1), pp. 3–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wacker M.-T. SchamanInnen in der Welt der Bibel : ein kulturvergleichendes Experiment //</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wacker, M.-T. (1997) ‘SchamanInnen in der Welt der Bibel : ein kulturvergleichendes Experiment’,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlangenbrut. — 1997. — Vol. 15, № 57. — P. 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15496/publikation-34751</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlangenbrut, 15(57), pp. 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15496/publikation-34751</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh R. Shamanic cosmology: A psychological examination of the shaman’s worldview // ReVision. — 1991. — Vol. 13, № 2. — P. 86–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh, R. (1991) ‘Shamanic cosmology: A psychological examination of the shaman’s worldview’, ReVision, 13(2), pp. 86–100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson R.R. Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel. — Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1980. — 322 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson, R. R. (1980) Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zevit Z. The Prophet versus Priest Antagonism Hypothesis: Its History and Origin // The priests in the prophets : the portrayal of priests, prophets, and other religious specialists in the latter prophets. — London; New York: T &amp; T Clark International, 2004. — P. 189–217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zenger, E. (1995) Einleitung in das Alte Testament. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer GmbH. (Russ. ed.: (2008) Vvedeniye v Vetkhiy Zavet. Moscow: Bibleysko-bogoslovskiy institut sv. apostola Andreya Publ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zevit, Z. (2004) ‘The Prophet versus Priest Antagonism Hypothesis: Its History and Origin’, in The priests in the prophets : the portrayal of priests, prophets, and other religious specialists in the latter prophets. London; New York: T &amp; T Clark International, pp. 189–217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zevit, Z. (2004) ‘The Prophet versus Priest Antagonism Hypothesis: Its History and Origin’, in The priests in the prophets : the portrayal of priests, prophets, and other religious specialists in the latter prophets. London; New York: T &amp; T Clark International, pp. 189–217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
