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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimoconcept</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Концепт: философия, религия, культура</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concept: philosophy, religion, culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-8831</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0540</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2541-8831-2024-4-32-79-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimoconcept-952</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES. CULTUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимодействие городов Ганзейского союза как «прото-парадипломатия»: культурные интеграторы экономики, политики и права</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hanseatic City-States as actors of Proto-Paradiplomacy: Cultural Integrators of Economics, Politics and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5180-4293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Лебедева — доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры дипломатии</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Lebedeva — Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor, Department of Diplomacy</p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, Russia, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.lebedeva13@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0091-8424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессонова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessonova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Михайлова Бессонова — преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria M. Bessonova — Lecturer, Department of Foreign Languages</p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, Russia, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.bessonova@odin.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лебедева О.В., Бессонова М.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедева О.В., Бессонова М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedeva O.V., Bessonova M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/952">https://concept.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/952</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье на основе теории парадипломатии раскрывается малоизученная тема внешних контактов квазигосударственных образований Ганзейского союза в качестве особого типа культурно-дипломатической деятельности. Актуальность такого исследования связана с необходимостью более полного, в том числе ретроспективного, описания поведенческой динамики подобных структур. Цель работы состоит в выявлении корней такого феномена современной культуры, как парадиплома-тия. Для этого необходимо было 1) систематизировать современные теоретические подходы к парадипломатии; 2) апробировать теоретическую рамку изучения парадипломатии к истории Ганзейского союза; 3) раскрыть соответствия/несоответствия этой рамки экономическим, политическим и правовым аспектам деятельности Ганзы. Материалами исследования послужили теоретические работы, посвящённые теории парадипломатии, а также исторические документы, касающиеся деятельности Ганзейского союза. Исследование выявило, что, хотя традиционно парадипломатия рассматривается в контексте глобализованного мира, сложившегося в 1970-е гг., отдельные элементы парадипломатических связей («протодипломатии») можно обнаружить уже в эпоху Средневековья. В этой связи показано, почему внешние связи ганзейских городов-государств можно считать элементом парадипломатического взаимодействия: на территории городов Ганзейского союза функционировало общее Любекское право, регулировавшее в том числе внешние связи членов Ганзы и очерчивавшее рамки протодипломатического сотрудничества, общехозяйственные интересы толкали ганзейские города к взаимодействию с городскими образованиями Норвегии, Англии и Руси. С опорой на теорию канадского политолога А. Лекура доказано наличие у Ганзы всех трёх уровней парадипломатической активности. Помимо первого уровня (собственно экономического взаимодействия, лежавшего в основе существования Ганзейского союза, что показано на примере связей немецких городов с Новгородом) выделено проведение т.н. «Ганзейских ярмарок» как стратегии расширения собственного влияния городами-государствами можно отнести также и ко второму (культурному) уровню. Предоставление Любеком флота для передвижения армии Тевтонского ордена, сухопутные и морские военные походы и заключение Штральзундского мирного договора может быть отнесено к третьему (политическому) уровню. Работа системы контор Ганзейского союза проанализирована в контексте теории «антенн» парадипломатического взаимодействия Й. Чещельской-Кильковской и Т. Каминьски. Вместе с тем продемонстрированы ограничения использованных теоретических подходов применительно к средневековым городам-государствам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Stemming from the theory of paradiplomacy, the study investigates the topic of external contacts of quasi-states of the Hanseatic League as a special type of cultural and diplomatic activity. The relevance of this study is associated with the need for a more comprehensive description of the behavioral dynamics of such structures both today and in retrospect. The study attempts to identify the roots of the modern cultural phenomenon of paradiplomacy. To reach this goal it was necessary, firstly, to systematize modern theoretical approaches to paradiplomacy; secondly, to apply a theoretical framework to studying paradiplomacy on the example of the Hanseatic League; and thirdly, to find the correspondences and inconsistencies between this framework and the economic, political and legal practices of the Hanseatic League. The research materials are both theoretical works on paradiplomacy and historical documents concerning the activities of the Hanseatic League. It has been revealed that even though paradiplomacy is traditionally dated back to the globalization of the 1970s, some elements of paradiplomacy can be observed as early as in the Middle Ages. As a result of the study, it has been shown that external contacts of quasi-state formations of the Hanseatic League may be considered as prototypical paradiplomacy: the cities of the Hanseatic League were guided by the common Lübeck Law, which regulated, in particular, the external relations of the Hansa members and outlined the framework of proto-diplomatic cooperation; common economic interests pushed the Hanseatic cities to cooperate with the urban entities of Norway, England and Rus'. Based on the theory of the Canadian political scientist A. Lecourt, the authors conclude that all three levels of paradiplomatic activity were present in the Hansa. To substantiate the conclusion, it was proved that the first (economic) level is represented by actual economic interaction that underlay the existence of the Hanseatic League, as shown by the example of the connections between German cities and Novgorod. The second (cultural) level of paradiplomacy with cultural interaction as a strategy to increase the influence of city-states is represented by the so-called Hanseatic fairs. The third (political) level includes the provision by Lübeck of a fleet for the transport of the army of the Teutonic Order, land and sea military campaigns and the conclusion of the Stralsund Peace Treaty. The authors analyze the Hanseatic League office system in the context of the antennas theory of paradiplomatic interaction by J. Ciesielska-Kilkowska and T. Kamiński. At the same time, it demonstrates the limitations of the theoretical approaches used in relation to medieval city-states.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дипломатия городов</kwd><kwd>парадипломатия</kwd><kwd>торговая дипломатия</kwd><kwd>Ганзейский союз</kwd><kwd>города-государства</kwd><kwd>Балтия</kwd><kwd>Любек</kwd><kwd>Бремен</kwd><kwd>Любекское право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>city diplomacy</kwd><kwd>paradiplomacy</kwd><kwd>trade diplomacy</kwd><kwd>the Hanseatic League</kwd><kwd>city-states</kwd><kwd>the Baltic</kwd><kwd>Lübeck</kwd><kwd>Bremen</kwd><kwd>the Lübeck law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Благодатских В.Г., Керимов А.А. Парадипломатия как категория политической науки: теоретикометодологические подходы и школы // Вестник Омского университета. 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