“THEURGY” PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY, ART AND RELIGION IN MODERN RUSSIA

The closer to the end of the positivist NINETEENTH century., the century of modern revolutions, the more obvious was the increase in the world of evil. The philosophers had a presentiment of the revival  of the Gnostic complex of this world alien to man. The isolation of  different spheres of culture, although perceived and evaluated as  progress, nevertheless, provoked an urgent need for unity, in the synthesis of differentiated areas – art, creativity, mythology,  poetry, culture, philosophy and, of course, religion, which under the  pressure of modernity appeared on the periphery of culture. But, in  fact, the peripheral sphere of art Nouveau has made culture. The era of revolutions was unfavorable not only for the Church, but also for  culture. Utopian consciousness, which possessed the masses,  demanded the immediate destruction of traditional values. Sociology as the design of new societies has slowed down the formation of  cultural reflection. It will be revived only near the end of the  twentieth century, when the desacralization of the revolution will  unfold and its positive and negative sides will become obvious. The  reverse side of progress, the growth of evil in the world and the  vulnerability of the separation of different spheres were keenly  felt by Russian religious philosophers at the turn of the X1X-XX  centuries.they were the first to put forward the idea of Theurgy, that  is, the unity of the isolated spheres for the sake of the  transformation of the world. In this unity, religion had to take a  significant, if not decisive place. However, in the Russian revolution  of 1917 there was an explosion of atheism. In fact, the Church went  to the catacombs. But the same catacomb, in the words of E.  Unknown, was the whole culture. The author of this article shows  how from the era of the thaw gradually begins to get rid of the  destructive complex and unfolds the restoration of the former ties  between culture, philosophy, art and religion.

1. Adorno T.W. Negative Dialektik. Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp Verlag, 1966. 406 s. (In German) (Russ. ed.: Adorno T. Negativnaia dialektika. Moscow, Scientific world, 2003. 374 p.).

2. Berdiaev N.A. Problema Vostoka i Zapada v religioznom soznanii Vl. Solov’eva [The problem of East and West in the religious consciousness of VL. Solovyov]. O Vladimire Solov’eve. Sbornik pervyi [About Vladimir Solovyov. Collection first]. Moscow, A Journey, 1911. pp. 104-128 (In Russian).

3. Berdiaev N.A. Samopoznanie. Opyt filosofskoi avtobiografii [Self-knowledge. The experience of philosophical autobiography]. Moscow, Thought, 1991. 398 p. (In Russian).

4. Berdiaev N.A. Smysl istorii [The point of the story]. Moscow, Thought, 1990. 176 p. (In Russian).

5. Blok A.A. Krushenie gumanizma [The Collapse of humanism]. Sobranie sochinenii v 8 t. T. 6. [Works in 8 vol. Vol. 6]. Moscow-Leningrad, State publishing house of fiction, 1962. pp. 93-115 (In Russian).

6. Bulgakov S. Apokaliptika i sotsializm [Apocalyptica and socialism]. Dva grada. Issledovaniia o prirode obshchestvennykh idealov [The Two degrees. Research on the nature of social ideals]. Saint-Petersburg, Publishing house of the Russian Christian humanitarian Institute, 1997. pp. 207-247 (In Russian).

7. Veber A. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeiskoi kul’tury [Favorite: the Crisis of European culture]. Saint-Petersburg, University book, 1999. 565 p. (In Russian).

8. Viko D. Osnovaniia novoi nauki ob obshchei prirode natsii [The Foundations of a new science of the common nature of Nations]. Moscow-Kiev, “REFL-book” - “ISA”, 1994. 656 p. (In Russian).

9. Gaidar E.T. Gibel’ imperii. Uroki dlia sovremennoi Rossii [Fall of the Empire. Lessons for modern Russia]. Moscow, ROSSPEN., 2006. 448 p. (In Russian).

10. Davydov Iu.N. Apokalipsis ateisticheskoi religii (S. Bulgakov kak kritik revoliutsionnoi religioznosti) [Apocalypse of atheistic religion (S. Bulgakov as a critic of revolutionary religiosity)]. Bulgakov S. Dva grada. Issledovaniia o prirode obshchestvennykh idealov [Bulgakov S. Two hail. Research on the nature of social ideals]. Saint-Petersburg, Publishing house of the Russian Christian humanitarian Institute, 1997. pp. 415-450 (In Russian).

11. Dostoevskii F.M. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 30 t. T. 23 [Complete works in 30 vol. Vol. 23]. Leningrad, Science, 1981. 423 p. (In Russian).

12. Dostoevskii F.M. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 30 t. T. 21 [Complete works in 30 vol. Vol. 21]. Leningrad, Science, 1980. 551 p. (In Russian).

13. Dostoevskii F.M. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 30 t. T. 24 [Complete works in 30 vol. Vol. 24]. Leningrad, Science, 1982. 518 p. (In Russian).

14. Evlampiev I.I. Gnosticheskoe khristianstvo v istorii evropeiskoi filosofii [Gnostic Christianity in the history of European philosophy]. Rossiia i gnozis: trudy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii «Rannekhristanskii gnosticheskii tekst v russkoi kul’ture». T. 1 [Russia and gnosis: proceedings of The international scientific conference “Early Christian Gnostic text in Russian culture”. Vol. 1]. Saint-Petersburg, Publishing house of Russian Christian Humanities Academy, 2015. pp. 97-116 (In Russian).

15. Zhukotskii V.D. Russkaia reformatsiia XX veka: predposylki i rezul’tat [Russian reformation of the twentieth century: prerequisites and results]. Religiia, chelovek, obshchestvo: doklady Mezhdunarodnogo nauchnogo religiovedcheskogo kongressa. Ch. 1 [Religion, man, society: reports of the International scientific religious Congress. Part 1]. Kurgan, Publishing house of Kurgan state University, 1998. pp. 217-237 (In Russian).

16. Il’in I.A. Aksiomy religioznogo opyta [Axioms of religious experience]. Moscow, “Rarog” LLP, 1993. 448 p. (In Russian).

17. Camus A. L’Homme révolté. Paris, Gallimard, 1951. 384 p. (In French) (Russ. ed.: Kamiu A. Buntuiushchii chelovek. Filosofiia. Politika. Iskusstvo. Moscow, Politizdat, 1990. 415 p.).

18. Losev A.F. Ob «Opravdanii dobra» [On the “good Excuse”]. Solov’ev V. Opravdanie dobra [Solovyov V. the Justification of goodness]. Moscow, Republic. 1996 (In Russian).

19. Lunacharskii A.V. Religiia i sotsializm. T. 1 [Religion and socialism. Vol.1]. Saint-Petersburg, Rose hip, 1908. 230 p. (In Russian).

20. Mandel’shtam O. Sobranie sochinenii v 4 t. T. 2 [Collected works in 4 vol. Vol. 2]. Moscow, Art-business center, 1991. 700 p. (In Russian).

21. Men’ A. Kul’tura i dukhovnoe vozrozhdenie [Culture and spiritual revival]. Moscow, Art. 1992. 400 p. (In Russian).

22. Motroshilova N.V. S. Frank o «novom varvarstve» [S. Frank on “new barbarism”]. Kul’tura i forma [Culture and form]. Moscow, Publishing house of the State University-Higher school of Economics, 2010. pp. 173-206 (In Russian).

23. Motroshilova N.V. O dialoge Meraba Mamardashvili s Zhanom-Polem Sartrom [About dialogue of Merab Mamardashvili with Jean-Paul Sartre]. Merab Konstantinovich Mamardashvili [Merab Konstantinovich Mamardashvili]. Moscow, ROSSPEN, 2009. pp. 339-350 (In Russian).

24. Motroshilova N.V. Tsivilizatsiia i varvarstvo v epokhu global’nykh krizisov [Civilization and barbarism in an era of global crises]. Moscow, IF RAS, “Canon+” ROOI “Rehabilitation”, 2010. 480 p. (In Russian).

25. Nibur R. Opyt interpretatsii khristianskoi etiki [Experience of interpretation of Christian ethics]. Khristos i kul’tura. Izbrannye trudy Richarda Nibura i Rainkhol’da Nibura [Christ and culture. Selected works of Richard Niebuhr and Reinhold Niebuhr]. Moscow, Lawyer, 1996. pp. 223-312 (In Russian).

26. Rozanov V.V. Apokalipsis nashego vremeni [Apocalypse of our time]. Uedinennoe [Solitary]. Moscow, Politizdat, 1990. P. 395 (In Russian).

27. Rozanov V.V. V chadu voiny. Stat’i i ocherki 1916-1918 godov [In the child of war. Articles and essays 1916-1918]. Moscow, Republic; Saint-Petersburg, Sprout, 2008. 632 p. (In Russian).

28. Solzhenitsyn A.I. Publitsistika v 3 t. T. 2: Obshchestvennye zaiavleniia, pis’ma, interv’iu [Journalism in 3 vol. V. 2: Public statements, letters, and interviews]. Yaroslavl, Upper Volga book publishing house, 1996. 624 p. (In Russian).

29. Solov’ev V.S. Opravdanie dobra [The Justification of the good]. Moscow, Republic, 1996. 479 p. (In Russian).

30. Stalin I.V. Pro et contra. Antologiia. V 2-kh t. T. 2 [Pro et contra. Anthology. In 2 vol. V. 2]. Saint-Petersburg, Russian Christian Humanities Academy, 2015. 879 p. (In Russian).

31. Khomiakov A.S. Sochineniia. T. 4 [Works. V. 4]. Moscow, University printing house, 1909. 428 p. (In Russian).

32. Khrenov N.A. Iskusstvo ottepeli v kontekste nadloma bol’shevistskoi imperii [The art of thaw in the context of the Bolshevik Empire’s fracture]. Ot iskusstva ottepeli k iskusstvu raspada imperii [From the art of thaw to the art of Empire’s collapse]. Moscow, Canon-Plus, 2013. pp. 17-102 (In Russian).

33. Iung K. Arkhetip i simvol [The Archetype and symbol]. Moscow, Renaissance, 1991. 304 p. (In Russian).

34. Jaspers K.T. Nietzsche: An Introduction to the Understanding of His Philosophical Activity. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. 496 p. (Russ. ed.: Iaspers K. Nitsshe. Vvedenie v ponimanie ego filosofstvovaniia. Saint-Petersburg, Vladimir Dal, 2004. 632 p.).