Apgitir chrábaid in the context of an intertextual approach
https://doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-2-14-144-154
Abstract
This article is dedicated to methodological problems of intertextual relations studies which appear during the research of primary sources. The subject matter stands at the joint between several branches of knowledge: Religious studies, Cultural studies, Philology and Celtic studies. In this article, we make an attempt to find the most adequate methodological approach for the detection and description of intertextual relations. The source for our experiment would be an Irish primary source — Apgitir chrábaid, the earliest surviving Christian prose tract written in Old Irish. Moreover, the article contains a brief analysis of existing hypotheses which attempt to explain what exact Christian texts, written in Latin, influenced the structure and content of this treatise in particular: P.P. Ó Néill — John Cassian; T.O. Clancy and G. Márkus John Cassian and Basil the Great; A.A. Korolev — Isidore of Seville and John Cassian. Then we make critical remarks about the methodology of identification of said influences on Apgitir chrábaid chosen by those researchers and on the language of scientific description used by them. It is proposed to use methods developed within the theory of intertextuality as a more correct approach for marking and description of intertextual relations. The use of the intertextual description in working with primary sources is shown by the example of the analysis of the fragment from Apgitir chrábaid (§ 8). The result of the analysis is the hypothesis that the source of influence, the intertext, for the indicated fragment in addition to the text of the Holy Scripture, is the work «Homilies on Ezekiel» by Pope Gregory I the Great. As an additional argument in favor of this hypothesis, a brief review of the veneration of Pope Gregory I, recorded in Irish church literature, is given.
Keywords
Christianity,
Early Ireland,
Gregory the Great,
«Homilies on Ezekiel»,
intertext,
methodology,
Religion Studies
Supporting agencies: This research project was supported by the Outstanding scientific school of Lomonosov Moscow State University “Transformations of culture, society, and history: a philosophical and theoretical reflection”.
About the Author
M. S. Kiselev
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Mikhail S. Kiselev — PhD student, Department of the Philosophy of Religion and Religious Studies, Faculty of Philosophy
119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-4
References
1. Bejczy I.P. 2011. The cardinal virtues in the Middle Ages: a study in moral thought from the fourth to the fourteenth century. Leiden: Brill. vii + 361 p.
2. Bieler L. 1993. Libri epistolarum sancti Patricii episcopi. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. 315 p.
3. Brüning G. 1917. Adamnans Vita Columbae und ihre Ableitungen. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 11 (1). S. 213-304. (In German).
4. Carey J. 2000. King of mysteries: Early Irish religious writings. Dublin: Four Courts. 304 p.
5. Christman A.R. 2005. What did Ezekiel see? Christian exegesis of Ezekiel’s vision of the chariot from Irenaus to Gregory the Great. Leiden: Brill. xi + 195 p.
6. Clancy T.O., Márkus G. 1995. Iona: the earliest poetry of a Celtic monastery. Edinburgh: EUP. xi + 271 p. Donkin L. 2018. Roman soil and Roman sound in Irish hagiography. Journal of Medieval History. 44 (3). P. 365-379.
7. Follett W. 2006. Céli Dé in Ireland monastic writing and identity in the early Middle Ages. Studies in Celtic History 23. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. xii + 253 p.
8. Herbert M. 1989. The Preface to the Amra Choluim Chille. Sagas, Saints and Storytellers. Ed. by D. Ó Corráin et al. Maynooth: An Sagart. P. 67-75.
9. Hull V. 1968. Apgitir Chrábaid: the Alphabet of Piety. Celtica. № 8. P. 44-89.
10. Ireland C. 2015. Some Irish characteristics of the Whitby life of Gregory the Great. Early medieval Ireland and Europe: chronology, contacts, scholarship. A Festschrift for Dáibhí Ó Cróinín. Ed. by P. Moran and I. Warntjes. Turnhout: Brepols. P. 139-178.
11. Liber Ardmachanus: The book of Armagh. 1913. Ed. by J. Gwynn. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis & Co. ccxc + 503 p. Markus R.A. 1997. Gregory the Great and his world. Cambridge: CUP. xxiii + 241 p.
12. Mc Carthy D.P. 2015. The chronology of Saint Columba’s life. Early medieval Ireland and Europe: chronology, contacts, scholarship. A Festschrift for Dáibhí Ó Cróinín. Ed. by P. Moran and I. Warntjes. Turnhout: Brepols. P. 3-32.
13. McGuckin J.A. 2004. The Westminster Handbook to Origen. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. 272 p.
14. Moorhead J. 2005. Gregory the Great. Abingdon: Routledge. vii + 177 p.
15. Ó Néill P.P. 1987. The date and authorship of Apgitir Chrábaid: some internal evidence. Irland und Christenheit: Bibelstudien und Mission. Hrsg. P. Ní Chatháin, M. Richter. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta. P. 203-215.
16. O’Loughlin T. 1994. The Library of Iona in the Late Seventh Century: the evidence from Adomnán’s «de Locis Sanctis». Ériu. Vol. 45. P. 33-52.
17. O’Loughlin T. 1996. The view from Iona: Adomnán’s mental maps. Peritia. No 10. P. 98-122.
18. Origen. 2010. Homilies 1-14 on Ezekiel. Ed. and trans. by T. Scheck. New Jersey, Newman Press. 214 p. Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD). 1968. Oxford: OUP. xxiii + 2126 p.
19. Piégay-Gros N. 2002. Introduction à l’intertextualité. Paris: Nathan. 186 p. (Russ, ed.: Piégay-Gros N. 2008. Vvedenie v teoriiu intertekstual’nosti. Moscow: Publishing House LKI. 240 p.).
20. Ricci C. 2013. Gregory’s Missions to the Barbarians. A companion to Gregory the Great. Ed. by B. Neil and M. Dal Santo. Leiden-Boston: Brill. P. 29-56.
21. Straw C.E. 1996. Authors of the Middle Ages. Vol. 12. Gregory the Great. Historical and Religious Writers of the Latin West. Aldershot: Ashgate. vi + 66 p.
22. The Irish Liber Hymnorum. Vol. 1. 1898. Ed. by J.H. Bernard, R. Atkinson. London. xxxii + 299 p.
23. The Stowe Missal: MS. D. II. 3 in the library of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. Vol. 2. 1915. Ed. G.F. Warner. London, lvii, 45 p.
24. Meyer K. 1901. Mitteilungen aus irischen Handschriften: IV. Aus Harleian 5280. Das Apgitir Crábaid des Colmán maccu Béognae. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. № 3. S. 447-455 (In German).
25. Thurneysen R. 1936. Irisches. Altir. ro-geinn «hat Platz». Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen. 63 (1.2). S. 114-117 (In German).
26. Ambrosius Mediolanensis. 1845. De Abraham [On Abraham]. Patrologiae Latina. T. XIV. Ed. J.-P. Migne. Paris. Col. 417-500. (In Latin).
27. Biblia Sacra iuxta Vulgatam versionem. 1983. [Holy Bible. Vulgate]. 3rd edition. Stuttgart. Available at: https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bible.html (accessed 24.12.2019) (In Latin).
28. Columbanus. 1863. Epistola I [Letter I]. Patrologiae Latina. T. LXXX. Ed. J.-P. Migne. Paris. Col. 261-264. (In Latin).
29. Gregorius I Magnus. 1849. Homiliae in Ezechielem Prophetam [Homilies on Ezekiel]. Patrologiae Latina. T. LXXVI. Ed. J.-P. Migne. Paris. Col. 781-1072. (In Latin).
30. Hieronymus Stridonensis. 1845. Commentaria in Ezechielem [Commentary on Ezekiel]. Patrologiae Latina. T. XXV. Ed. J.-P. Migne. Paris. Col. 15-490. (In Latin).
31. Ioannes Cassianus. 1846. Vigintiquatuor collationes [Conferences of the Desert Fathers]. Patrologiae Latina. T. XLIX. Ed. J.-P. Migne. Paris. Col. 477-1328. (In Latin).
32. Vita s. Colmani de Land Elo [Life of St. Colman of Lann Elo]. 1965. Vitae sanctorum Hiberniae ex codice olim Salmanticensi nunc Bruxellensi. Ed. by W. W. Heist. Brussels. P. 209-224 (In Latin).
33. Vita sancti Colmani de Land Elo [Life of St. Colman of Lann Elo]. 1910. Vitae sanctorum Hiberniae. Vol. I. Ed. by Ch. Plummer. Oxford: Clarendon Press. P. 258-273 (In Latin).
34. Origenes. 1862. Homiliae in Ezechielem [Homilies on Ezekiel]. Patrologiae Graeca. T. XIII. Ed. J.-P. Migne. Paris. Col. 663-766. (In Old Greek and Latin).
35. Betha Cholmáin Ela [Live of Colman Ela]. 1922. Bethada náem nÉrenn: Lives of Irish saints, 2 vols. Vol. I: Introduction, texts, glossary. Ed. by Ch. Plummer. Oxford: Clarendon Press. P. 168-182 (In Old Irish).
36. Aleksandrova T.L. 2012. Predislovie [Preface]. Amvrosii Mediolanskii. Sobranie tvorenii: na latinskom i russkom iazykakh [Ambrose of Milan. Collection of writings in Latin and Russian. Vol. II]. T. II. Sost. N.A. Kul’kova. Moscow: Izd-vo PSTGU. P. 11-39 (In Russian).
37. Ambrose. 2012. O devstve [On Virginity]. Amvrosii Mediolanskii. Sobranie tvorenii: na latinskom i russkom iazykakh. T. II. [Ambrose of Milan. Collection of writings in Latin and Russian. Vol. II]. Sost. N.A. Kul’kova. Moscow: Izd-vo PSTGU. P. 266-373 (In Latin and Russian).
38. Bibliia. Knigi Sviashchennogo Pisaniia Vetkhogo i Novogo Zaveta. 2012. [Biblia. Sacred texts of Old and New Testaments]. Moscow: Rossijskoe Biblejskoe Obshhestvo. 1377 p. (In Russian).
39. Fateeva N.A. 2007. Intertekst v mire tekstov. Kontrapunkt intertekstual’nosti [Intertext in the world of texts. Counterpoint of intertextuality]. Moscow: KomKniga. 280 p. (In Russian).
40. Fokin A.R., Korolev A.A., E.P.I. 2009. Ieronim Stridonskii [Jerome]. Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia. T. XXI. Moscow: Cerkovno-nauchnyj centr «Pravoslavnaja jenciklopedija». P. 336-375 (In Russian).
41. Fokin A.R., Turilov A.A., Zaitsev D.V., Afinogenova O.N., E.P.L., Shevchenko E.V., Oblitsova T.Iu. 2006. Grigorii I Velikii [Gregory I the Great]. Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia. T. XII. Moscow: Cerkovno-nauchnyj centr «Pravoslavnaja jenciklopedija». P. 612-632. (In Russian).
42. Gregory the Great. 1863. Besedy na knigu sv. proroka Iezekiilia, v dvukh knigakh [Homilies on Ezekiel, in two books]. Kazan. 712 p. (In Russian).
43. Jerome. 1886. Tolkovaniia na proroka Iezekiilia. Knigi 1-8 [Commentary on Ezekiel]. Tvoreniia blazhennogo Ieronima Stridonskogo. Ch. 10. (Kn. 17.). Kiev. 401 p. (In Russian).
44. John Cassian. 1892. Sobesedovaniia Egipetskikh podvizhnikov [Conferences of the Desert Fathers]. Pisaniia prepodobnogo ottsa Ioanna Kassiana Rimlianina. Moscow. P. 165-633. (In Russian).
45. Kalygin V.P., Korolev A.A. 2006. Vvedenie v kel’tskuiu filologiiu [Introduction in Celtic philology]. Moscow: URSS. 272 p. (In Russian).
46. Kiselev M.S. 2019. «Alfavit blagochestiia»: osobennosti retseptsii bibleiskogo teksta v rannesrednevekovoi Irlandii [Apgitir chrábaid: features of reception of Biblical text in Early Ireland]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriia 7: Filosofiia. № 4. P. 104-112 (In Russian).
47. Korolev A.A. 2017. Prp. Ioann Kassian i «doustavnoe» irlandskoe monashestvo [St. John Cassian and «prerule» Irish monasticism]. Prepodobnyi Ioann Kassian i monasheskaia traditsiia khristianskogo Vostoka i Zapada. Moscow: Izdatel’skij dom «Poznanie». P. 412-420 (In Russian).
48. Pevnitskii V.F. 1871. Sv. Grigorii Velikii – ego propovedi i gomileticheskie pravila [St. Gregory the Great — his homilies and homiletic rules]. Kiev. 339 p. (In Russian).
49. Skurat K.E., Gratsianskii M.V., Fokin A.R., E.P.S., Lebedev S.N., Nikiforova A.Iu., Zaigraikina S.P. 2001. Amvrosii, svt., ep. Mediolanskii [St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan]. Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia. T. II. Moscow: Cerkovno-nauchnyj centr «Pravoslavnaja jenciklopedija». P. 119-135. (In Russian).
50. Zhivlova N.Yu. 2019. Mir sviatogo Kolumby: Rannesrednevekovaia Irlandiia i Britaniia glazami monakhov s ostrova Iona [The World of Saint Columba: Early Ireland and Britain through the eyes of the monks from the island Iona]. Moscow: Izdatel’skij Dom JaSK. 432 p. (In Russian).
Review
For citations:
Kiselev M.S. Apgitir chrábaid in the context of an intertextual approach. Concept: philosophy, religion, culture. 2020;4(2):144-154. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-2-14-144-154
Views:
730
Email this article 