CREATIVITY AND SOUL: THREE LAYERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS AS A SOURCE OF SCIENCE, ART AND RELIGION

The study of culture as a diversity of activities involves the study of specific forms of such activities not only in their “independent” existence, but also through the lens of those who actually carry out the activities. This approach in cultural studies is related to the treatment of psychology data and cannot ignore its achievements, which became especially relevant by the end of XX - the beginning of XXI centuries and continue to remain among the most demanded issues of cultural studies as a scientific discipline. The methodology of such studies is related to the integrated use of experimental psychology data, as well as theoretical reflection of their role and place in holistic knowledge about the peculiarities of solving “human problem” with their help.

Because of this, science, art and religion as spheres of cultural activity can be considered through the lens of S. Freud’s theory of unconscious and the clarifications made to this teaching by academician P.V. Simon. According to Simonov, the Freudian “pre-conscious” includes both subconscious and super-conscious. The subconscious contains interiorized mechanical skills and nonverbalizable images. An important discovery of Simonov was the identification in the psyche of the area of super-consciousness, where also nonverbalized images are placed, which protect consciousness from itself. In addressing the mental layers of science, art and religion, three sub-levels can be identified in each. In science, these are hypothetics (super-consciousness), theoretmatics (consciousness), and axiomatics (subconscious). In art, respectively, icons (super-consciousness), drama (consciousness), and canon (subconscious). In religion - mythics (super-consciousness), theologics (consciousness), dogmatics (subconscious).

One of the most important aspects of the layers and levels of the psyche in a given model is their balanced development, which helps to prevent multiple “distortions” in one direction or another. The normative layer of cultural studies defined in this way, does not mean essentialist attitudes. The foundation of analytical psychology rests on an experimental component; when thinking about a holistic human phenomenon, its importance still requires a study.

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